Question 1

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

Accepted Answer

A) is toxic to pathogens. 
B) creates a physical barrier against pathogens. 
C) destroys pathogens. 
D) physically restricts pathogens to a specific region. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) is toxic to pathogens. 
B) creates a physical barrier against pathogens. 
C) destroys pathogens. 
D) physically restricts pathogens to a specific region. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) diapedesis 
B) chemotaxis 
C) phagolysosome formation 
D) destruction 
E) ingestion 
A) diapedesis 
B) chemotaxis 
C) phagolysosome formation 
D) destruction 
E) ingestion

Question 3

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme. 
B) lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C) skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D) stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) lysozyme. 
B) lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C) skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D) stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophil 
B) macrophage 
C) Kupffer cell 
D) monocyte 
E) lymphocyte 
A) neutrophil 
B) macrophage 
C) Kupffer cell 
D) monocyte 
E) lymphocyte

Question 5

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils 
A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils

Question 8

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils 
A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils

Question 9

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  Mario is a 35-year-old male who has come into your ER with a laceration to his left hand. According to Mario, he was working on home renovations in his 1945 city bungalow, when an old board fell from a shelf and injured his hand. The laceration is a cut about 3 inches long, but fairly shallow. It appears that it was bleeding pretty heavily, but he has stopped the bleeding by holding pressure on it with an old t-shirt. He said it happened about an hour ago. 
-Mario asks you why the laceration is puffy,and has become fairly itchy.What is an accurate response?

Accepted Answer

A) "This is a normal response to injury.Blood has rushed to the area,fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels,and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch." 
B) "This is a normal response to the injury.Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding,and you're probably itchy because the wood had something on it that you are allergic to." 
C) "This is not what I was expecting.I'll call the doctor now to lance the swollen flesh,and in the meantime,I'll apply calamine lotion to the wound." 
D) "This is not what I was expecting.Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene.I'll have the doctor start you on antibiotics right away.Also,hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area." 
A) "This is a normal response to injury.Blood has rushed to the area,fluid is leaking from the damaged vessels,and chemical mediators called cytokines are causing you to itch." 
B) "This is a normal response to the injury.Your body is building up pressure around the wound to stop the bleeding,and you're probably itchy because the wood had something on it that you are allergic to." 
C) "This is not what I was expecting.I'll call the doctor now to lance the swollen flesh,and in the meantime,I'll apply calamine lotion to the wound." 
D) "This is not what I was expecting.Edema and pruritus are early signs of gangrene.I'll have the doctor start you on antibiotics right away.Also,hold your hand above your heart to decrease blood flow to the area."

Question 10

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils 
A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils

Question 12

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except

Accepted Answer

A) chemotaxis. 
B) diapedesis. 
C) motility. 
D) vasodilatation. 
E) phagocytosis. 
A) chemotaxis. 
B) diapedesis. 
C) motility. 
D) vasodilatation. 
E) phagocytosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils,eosinophils,macrophages 
B) neutrophils,macrophages,eosinophils 
C) eosinophils,macrophages,neutrophils 
D) macrophages,neutrophils,eosinophils 
E) macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils 
A) neutrophils,eosinophils,macrophages 
B) neutrophils,macrophages,eosinophils 
C) eosinophils,macrophages,neutrophils 
D) macrophages,neutrophils,eosinophils 
E) macrophages,eosinophils,neutrophils

Question 15

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen peroxide 
B) nitric oxide 
C) lactic acid 
D) superoxide anion 
E) All of these are used. 
A) hydrogen peroxide 
B) nitric oxide 
C) lactic acid 
D) superoxide anion 
E) All of these are used.

Question 16

Genetic differences among species and within a species can convey genetic immunity to certain diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Histamine,serotonin,and bradykinin are all

Accepted Answer

A) vasoactive mediators. 
B) mediators of B-cell activity. 
C) mediators of T-cell activity. 
D) mediators that increase chemotaxis. 
E) fever inducers. 
A) vasoactive mediators. 
B) mediators of B-cell activity. 
C) mediators of T-cell activity. 
D) mediators that increase chemotaxis. 
E) fever inducers.

Question 18

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into

Accepted Answer

A) primary phagocytes. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) killer T cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) macrophages. 
A) primary phagocytes. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) killer T cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) macrophages.

Question 19

Diapedesis is the

Accepted Answer

A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication 
B) interleukin-2 - stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production 
C) serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction 
D) prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells 
E) tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis 
A) interferon alpha and beta - inhibits viral replication 
B) interleukin-2 - stimulates T-cell mitosis and B-cell antibody production 
C) serotonin - causes smooth muscle contraction 
D) prostaglandins - activate eosinophils and B cells 
E) tumor necrosis factor - increases chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Exam 12: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

Which of the following is not a type of phagocyte?

Plasma is also called lymph.

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Which of the following lymphoid organs or tissues has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood and has hormones that function in maturation of T lymphocytes?

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except

Which of the following is in the correct order from greatest to least phagocytic activity?

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Genetic differences among species and within a species can convey genetic immunity to certain diseases.

Histamine,serotonin,and bradykinin are all

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into

Diapedesis is the

Which of the following is mismatched?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Life Cycles

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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