Question 1

Opportunistic pathogens

Accepted Answer

A) cause disease in every individual. 
B) cause disease in compromised individuals. 
C) are always pathogens. 
D) have well-developed virulence factors. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) cause disease in every individual. 
B) cause disease in compromised individuals. 
C) are always pathogens. 
D) have well-developed virulence factors. 
E) None of the choices is correct. B

Question 2

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses. You provide education regarding the process of infection control and prevention. 
-Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) "All contact with infectious material leads to colonization." 
B) "All colonization leads to infection." 
C) "All infections lead to disease." 
D) "All patients could harbor infectious agents and must be treated with an equal degree of care." 
A) "All contact with infectious material leads to colonization." 
B) "All colonization leads to infection." 
C) "All infections lead to disease." 
D) "All patients could harbor infectious agents and must be treated with an equal degree of care." D

Question 3

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A) are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C) are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D) cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E) are host specific. 
A) are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C) are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D) cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E) are host specific. A

Question 4

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  As an RN with the infectious disease team, you are providing an education course to new graduate nurses. You provide education regarding the process of infection control and prevention. 
-As the RN,you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections.All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection except

Accepted Answer

A) urinary catheter. 
B) endotracheal tube. 
C) surgical incision. 
D) hospital beds. 
A) urinary catheter. 
B) endotracheal tube. 
C) surgical incision. 
D) hospital beds.

Question 6

An endotoxin is

Accepted Answer

A) secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) indicative of gram-negative organisms. 
C) indicative of gram-positive organisms. 
D) indicative of fungal infections. 
E) indicative of viral infections. 
A) secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B) indicative of gram-negative organisms. 
C) indicative of gram-positive organisms. 
D) indicative of fungal infections. 
E) indicative of viral infections.

Question 7

The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the

Accepted Answer

A) virulence factor. 
B) indigenous biota. 
C) infectious dose. 
D) endotoxin. 
E) minimal dose. 
A) virulence factor. 
B) indigenous biota. 
C) infectious dose. 
D) endotoxin. 
E) minimal dose.

Question 8

The objective,measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) syndrome. 
B) symptom. 
C) sign. 
D) pathology. 
E) inflammation. 
A) syndrome. 
B) symptom. 
C) sign. 
D) pathology. 
E) inflammation.

Question 9

_____ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) Asymptomatic 
B) Passive 
C) Incubation 
D) Chronic 
E) Convalescent 
A) Asymptomatic 
B) Passive 
C) Incubation 
D) Chronic 
E) Convalescent

Question 10

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) adhesive factors. 
B) exotoxins. 
C) hemolysins. 
D) antiphagocytic factors. 
E) exoenzymes. 
A) adhesive factors. 
B) exotoxins. 
C) hemolysins. 
D) antiphagocytic factors. 
E) exoenzymes.

Question 11

Under certain circumstances,a person's resident biota can be opportunistic pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is

Accepted Answer

A) epidemic. 
B) endemic. 
C) pandemic. 
D) sporadic. 
E) chronic. 
A) epidemic. 
B) endemic. 
C) pandemic. 
D) sporadic. 
E) chronic.

Question 13

Diseases that cause long-term or permanent damage are called

Accepted Answer

A) latent. 
B) sequelae. 
C) direct. 
D) indirect. 
E) chronical. 
A) latent. 
B) sequelae. 
C) direct. 
D) indirect. 
E) chronical.

Question 14

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with complaints of a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, increased work of breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment.
-The patient's sputum culture returns a positive result for Streptococcus pneumoniae.As the RN,you are aware this capsule-forming bacterium possesses virulence factors to make it difficult to treat.In providing education to the patient regarding the disease process,which of the following statements is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because of the body's persistent inflammatory response to the microbe." 
B) "This bacterium secretes toxins that directly damage your lungs." 
C) "Fragments of this bacterium's cell wall directly harm your lungs." 
D) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because white blood cells are effectively lysing the encapsulated bacteria." 
A) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because of the body's persistent inflammatory response to the microbe." 
B) "This bacterium secretes toxins that directly damage your lungs." 
C) "Fragments of this bacterium's cell wall directly harm your lungs." 
D) "Fluid is building up in your lungs because white blood cells are effectively lysing the encapsulated bacteria."

Question 15

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face,eyes,nose,and mouth while performing a test in the lab.This specimen was from an HIV-positive patient.If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in the technologist,the transmission route is

Accepted Answer

A) direct. 
B) fomite. 
C) vehicle. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) aerosol. 
A) direct. 
B) fomite. 
C) vehicle. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) aerosol.

Question 16

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in

Accepted Answer

A) amoebic dysentery. 
B) ringworm. 
C) clostridia. 
D) cold virus. 
E) diphtheria. 
A) amoebic dysentery. 
B) ringworm. 
C) clostridia. 
D) cold virus. 
E) diphtheria.

Question 17

The suffix -emia means

Accepted Answer

A) blood. 
B) a disease or morbid process. 
C) an inflammation. 
D) tumor. 
E) pertaining to. 
A) blood. 
B) a disease or morbid process. 
C) an inflammation. 
D) tumor. 
E) pertaining to.

Question 18

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

Accepted Answer

A) in food. 
B) the patient's own normal biota. 
C) on fomites. 
D) in the air. 
E) transmitted from one person to another. 
A) in food. 
B) the patient's own normal biota. 
C) on fomites. 
D) in the air. 
E) transmitted from one person to another.

Question 19

Once a microbe has entered a host,what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosis 
B) adhesion 
C) encapsulation 
D) margination 
E) exocytosis 
A) phagocytosis 
B) adhesion 
C) encapsulation 
D) margination 
E) exocytosis

Question 20

Enterotoxins are

Accepted Answer

A) virulence factors. 
B) toxins that target the intestines. 
C) proteins. 
D) exotoxins. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) virulence factors. 
B) toxins that target the intestines. 
C) proteins. 
D) exotoxins. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Opportunistic pathogens

Exotoxins

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

An endotoxin is

The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the

The objective,measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n)

_____ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease.

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of

Under certain circumstances,a person's resident biota can be opportunistic pathogens.

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is

Diseases that cause long-term or permanent damage are called

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face,eyes,nose,and mouth while performing a test in the lab.This specimen was from an HIV-positive patient.If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in the technologist,the transmission route is

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in

The suffix -emia means

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

Once a microbe has entered a host,what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

Enterotoxins are

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Life Cycles

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Opportunistic pathogens

Exotoxins

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

An endotoxin is

The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the

The objective,measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n)

_____ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease.

Microbial hyaluronidase,coagulase,and streptokinase are examples of

Under certain circumstances,a person's resident biota can be opportunistic pathogens.

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is

Diseases that cause long-term or permanent damage are called

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face,eyes,nose,and mouth while performing a test in the lab.This specimen was from an HIV-positive patient.If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in the technologist,the transmission route is

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in

The suffix -emia means

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

Once a microbe has entered a host,what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

Enterotoxins are

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Life Cycles

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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