Question 1

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a

Accepted Answer

A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source. 
A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source.

Question 2

The dried residues of fine droplets from mucus or saliva that harbor and transmit pathogens are

Accepted Answer

A) fomites. 
B) aerosols. 
C) mechanical vectors. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) biological vectors. 
A) fomites. 
B) aerosols. 
C) mechanical vectors. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) biological vectors.

Question 3

Fomites,food,and air serve as indirect transmission routes of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) secondary infection - infection spreads to several tissue sites 
B) mixed infection - several agents established at infection site 
C) acute infection - rapid onset of severe,short-lived symptoms 
D) local infection - pathogen remains at or near entry site 
E) toxemia - pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissues 
A) secondary infection - infection spreads to several tissue sites 
B) mixed infection - several agents established at infection site 
C) acute infection - rapid onset of severe,short-lived symptoms 
D) local infection - pathogen remains at or near entry site 
E) toxemia - pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissues

Question 5

Which of the following is not an anti-phagocytic factor?

Accepted Answer

A) secretion of slime 
B) production of leukocidins 
C) adhering to the host 
D) secretion of a capsule 
E) ability to survive intracellularly 
A) secretion of slime 
B) production of leukocidins 
C) adhering to the host 
D) secretion of a capsule 
E) ability to survive intracellularly

Question 6

Normal biota includes each of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) fungi. 
C) protozoans. 
D) viruses. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) bacteria. 
B) fungi. 
C) protozoans. 
D) viruses. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

The term infection refers to

Accepted Answer

A) microorganisms colonizing the body. 
B) contact with microorganisms. 
C) contact with pathogens. 
D) pathogens penetrating host defenses. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) microorganisms colonizing the body. 
B) contact with microorganisms. 
C) contact with pathogens. 
D) pathogens penetrating host defenses. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 8

_____ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) Exotoxins 
B) Endotoxins 
C) Enterotoxins 
D) Leukocidins 
E) Hemolysins 
A) Exotoxins 
B) Endotoxins 
C) Enterotoxins 
D) Leukocidins 
E) Hemolysins

Question 9

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are

Accepted Answer

A) fomites. 
B) aerosols. 
C) mechanical vectors. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) biological vectors. 
A) fomites. 
B) aerosols. 
C) mechanical vectors. 
D) droplet nuclei. 
E) biological vectors.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit for an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A) removal of blood 
B) urogenital tract and feces 
C) coughing and sneezing 
D) skin 
E) All of these are normal exit portals. 
A) removal of blood 
B) urogenital tract and feces 
C) coughing and sneezing 
D) skin 
E) All of these are normal exit portals.

Question 11

The number of persons afflicted with an infectious disease is the _____ rate.

Accepted Answer

A) morbidity 
B) mortality 
C) incidence 
D) endemic 
E) pandemic 
A) morbidity 
B) mortality 
C) incidence 
D) endemic 
E) pandemic

Question 12

The intermediary object or individual from which the infectious agent is actually acquired is termed the

Accepted Answer

A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source. 
A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source.

Question 13

Exotoxins are

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) only released after a cell is damaged or lysed. 
C) antiphagocytic factors. 
D) secretions that always target nervous tissue. 
E) lipopolysaccharides. 
A) proteins. 
B) only released after a cell is damaged or lysed. 
C) antiphagocytic factors. 
D) secretions that always target nervous tissue. 
E) lipopolysaccharides.

Question 14

Leukopenia is the _____ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.

Accepted Answer

A) elevation 
B) stabilization 
C) decrease 
A) elevation 
B) stabilization 
C) decrease

Question 15

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Accepted Answer

A) determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab 
B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab 
C) determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab 
D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab 
E) whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problem 
A) determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab 
B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab 
C) determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab 
D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab 
E) whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problem

Question 16

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with complaints of a 2-day history of difficulty breathing, cough, and chest pain. Upon triage assessment, the patient is found to have a fever, increased work of breathing, decreased oxygen saturation, and crackles upon auscultation of the lungs. A chest X ray reveals consolidation in the right upper lung field. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia, initiated on oxygen therapy, and admitted for observation and treatment.
-As the RN,you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit.What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease?

Accepted Answer

A) signs 
B) symptoms 
C) syndromes 
D) signs and symptoms 
A) signs 
B) symptoms 
C) syndromes 
D) signs and symptoms

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?

Accepted Answer

A) fomites 
B) water 
C) droplet nuclei 
D) aerosols 
E) droplets 
A) fomites 
B) water 
C) droplet nuclei 
D) aerosols 
E) droplets

Question 18

Which is not terminology used for resident biota?

Accepted Answer

A) pathogenic biota 
B) normal biota 
C) indigenous biota 
D) normal microbiota 
E) commensals 
A) pathogenic biota 
B) normal biota 
C) indigenous biota 
D) normal microbiota 
E) commensals

Question 19

An inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is a

Accepted Answer

A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source. 
A) fomite. 
B) carrier. 
C) vector. 
D) reservoir. 
E) source.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic defects in immunity 
B) physical and mental stress 
C) strong,healthy body 
D) chemotherapy 
E) old age 
A) genetic defects in immunity 
B) physical and mental stress 
C) strong,healthy body 
D) chemotherapy 
E) old age

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a

The dried residues of fine droplets from mucus or saliva that harbor and transmit pathogens are

Fomites,food,and air serve as indirect transmission routes of pathogens.

Which is mismatched?

Which of the following is not an anti-phagocytic factor?

Normal biota includes each of the following except

The term infection refers to

_____ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit for an infectious disease?

The number of persons afflicted with an infectious disease is the _____ rate.

The intermediary object or individual from which the infectious agent is actually acquired is termed the

Exotoxins are

Leukopenia is the _____ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?

Which is not terminology used for resident biota?

An inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is a

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Life Cycles

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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