Question 1

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili. 
A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili.

Question 3

The bacterial chromosome

Accepted Answer

A) is located in the cell membrane. 
B) contains all the cell's plasmids. 
C) is part of the nucleoid. 
D) forms a single linear strand of DNA. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is located in the cell membrane. 
B) contains all the cell's plasmids. 
C) is part of the nucleoid. 
D) forms a single linear strand of DNA. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

Accepted Answer

A) tetrad 
B) strep 
C) staph 
D) sarcina 
E) palisade 
A) tetrad 
B) strep 
C) staph 
D) sarcina 
E) palisade

Question 5

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium. 
B) Mycoplasma. 
C) Streptococcus. 
D) Corynebacterium. 
E) Salmonella. 
A) Mycobacterium. 
B) Mycoplasma. 
C) Streptococcus. 
D) Corynebacterium. 
E) Salmonella.

Question 6

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

All bacterial cells have

Accepted Answer

A) one or more chromosomes. 
B) one or more fimbriae. 
C) the ability to produce endospores. 
D) capsules. 
E) flagella. 
A) one or more chromosomes. 
B) one or more fimbriae. 
C) the ability to produce endospores. 
D) capsules. 
E) flagella.

Question 8

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA. 
B) tRNA. 
C) rRNA. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) mRNA. 
B) tRNA. 
C) rRNA. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 9

Plasmids

Accepted Answer

A) are found in all bacteria. 
B) are essential for growth and metabolism. 
C) cannot be passed between organisms. 
D) cannot be passed on to progeny. 
E) are often the site of pathogenic genes. 
A) are found in all bacteria. 
B) are essential for growth and metabolism. 
C) cannot be passed between organisms. 
D) cannot be passed on to progeny. 
E) are often the site of pathogenic genes.

Question 10

Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format.
  A 3-year-old patient is admitted to the ER after a sudden onset of high fever and chills, a productive cough, and shortness of breath. The parents indicate that the child had been healthy up until a few hours ago. An initial workup of the child shows an elevated temperature (103oF), a rapid pulse rate (140 bpm), and a low oxygen saturation level (82%). Supplemental oxygen and acetaminophen are administered immediately, and specimens are obtained from the patient for microbial analysis.
-Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a clearing around each of the spherical cells against a dark background.This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) endospores 
B) a capsule 
C) a nucleoid 
D) pili 
A) endospores 
B) a capsule 
C) a nucleoid 
D) pili

Question 11

The bacterial flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment:

Accepted Answer

A) filament,hook,basal body 
B) filament,basal body,hook 
C) basal body,hook,filament 
D) hook,basal body,filament 
E) basal body,filament,hook 
A) filament,hook,basal body 
B) filament,basal body,hook 
C) basal body,hook,filament 
D) hook,basal body,filament 
E) basal body,filament,hook

Question 12

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) Staphylococcus capitis 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) Staphylococcus capitis

Question 13

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Endospores are

Accepted Answer

A) metabolically inactive. 
B) resistant to heat and chemical destruction. 
C) resistant to destruction by radiation. 
D) living structures. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) metabolically inactive. 
B) resistant to heat and chemical destruction. 
C) resistant to destruction by radiation. 
D) living structures. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

Accepted Answer

A) gram negative. 
B) gram positive. 
C) found in archaea. 
D) a spheroplast. 
E) acid fast. 
A) gram negative. 
B) gram positive. 
C) found in archaea. 
D) a spheroplast. 
E) acid fast.

Question 16

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili. 
A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). 
E) sex pili.

Question 17

Lysozyme is most effective against

Accepted Answer

A) gram-negative organisms. 
B) gram-positive organisms. 
C) mycoplasmas. 
D) cyanobacteria. 
E) archea. 
A) gram-negative organisms. 
B) gram-positive organisms. 
C) mycoplasmas. 
D) cyanobacteria. 
E) archea.

Question 18

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt.This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n)__.

Accepted Answer

A) osmophile 
B) halophile 
C) thermophile 
D) psychrophile 
E) methanogen 
A) osmophile 
B) halophile 
C) thermophile 
D) psychrophile 
E) methanogen

Question 20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Accepted Answer

A) coccus 
B) tetrad 
C) vibrio 
D) rod 
E) spirochete 
A) coccus 
B) tetrad 
C) vibrio 
D) rod 
E) spirochete

Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

The bacterial chromosome

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

All bacterial cells have

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and

Plasmids

The bacterial flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment:

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Endospores are

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

Lysozyme is most effective against

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape.

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt.This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n)__.

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Life Cycles

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: The Interconnected Health of the Environment, humans, and Other Animals

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