Question 1

What actions are primarily responsible for the final push off in the support phase in walking?

Accepted Answer

A)  flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the ankle 
B)  slight plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the metatarsal-phalangeal joints 
C)  forceful extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints 
D)  strong extension of the hip and knee joints 
A)  flexion of the knee and plantar flexion of the ankle 
B)  slight plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the metatarsal-phalangeal joints 
C)  forceful extension of the hip, knee, and ankle joints 
D)  strong extension of the hip and knee joints C

Question 2

Why should the foot of a runner strike the ground directly under the center of gravity if possible?

Accepted Answer

decrease braking force at foot strike

Question 3

Why is it easier for a runner to move the recovery leg forward more rapidly when it is flexed than when extended?

Accepted Answer

A)  mass of the leg is greater when it is flexed 
B)  mass of the leg is less when it is flexed 
C)  moment of inertia of the leg is greater when leg is flexed 
D)  moment of inertia of the leg is less when leg is flexed 
A)  mass of the leg is greater when it is flexed 
B)  mass of the leg is less when it is flexed 
C)  moment of inertia of the leg is greater when leg is flexed 
D)  moment of inertia of the leg is less when leg is flexed D

Question 4

In which part of the walking cycle are the largest forces exerted against the ground?

Accepted Answer

A)  swing phase 
B)  balance to unbalance 
C)  heel strike 
D)  propulsive phase 
A)  swing phase 
B)  balance to unbalance 
C)  heel strike 
D)  propulsive phase

Question 5

Why do sprinters use starting blocks instead of just pushing off the ground?

Accepted Answer

generate g

Question 6

How does the ice skater push off against the ice, given the very low coefficient of friction between the blade and the ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  the blade is turned perpendicular to the direction of glide and digs into the ice 
B)  the blade is turned parallel to the direction of glide and digs into the ice 
C)  the ice skater relies on momentum generated from decreasing stability 
D)  the ice skater must rely on ground reaction force from another surface 
A)  the blade is turned perpendicular to the direction of glide and digs into the ice 
B)  the blade is turned parallel to the direction of glide and digs into the ice 
C)  the ice skater relies on momentum generated from decreasing stability 
D)  the ice skater must rely on ground reaction force from another surface

Question 7

Which muscles produce the first part of the forward swing of the lower extremity in walking?

Accepted Answer

A)  iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae, gracilis, rectus femoris 
B)  rectus femoris, hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductor longus 
C)  tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, adductors longus and brevis 
D)  tensor fascia latae, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas 
A)  iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae, gracilis, rectus femoris 
B)  rectus femoris, hamstrings, iliopsoas, adductor longus 
C)  tensor fascia latae, gluteus maximus, adductors longus and brevis 
D)  tensor fascia latae, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas

Question 8

In a long jump, the center of gravity should be ____ the base of support.

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontally far from 
B)  in front of 
C)  directly over 
D)  close to 
A)  horizontally far from 
B)  in front of 
C)  directly over 
D)  close to

Question 9

What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump?

Accepted Answer

A)  concentric contraction of the knee flexors 
B)  concentric contraction of the knee extensors 
C)  eccentric contraction of the knee flexors 
D)  eccentric contraction of the knee extensors 
A)  concentric contraction of the knee flexors 
B)  concentric contraction of the knee extensors 
C)  eccentric contraction of the knee flexors 
D)  eccentric contraction of the knee extensors

Question 10

Which of the following is the purpose of the arm swing in jumping?

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerate lower extremity downward to increase ground reaction force 
B)  develop forward momentum 
C)  transfer forward momentum to body 
D)  all of the above 
A)  accelerate lower extremity downward to increase ground reaction force 
B)  develop forward momentum 
C)  transfer forward momentum to body 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

In which direction is the force applied during the propulsion phase of the walk?

Accepted Answer

A)  downward 
B)  down and backward 
C)  forward 
D)  forward and upward 
A)  downward 
B)  down and backward 
C)  forward 
D)  forward and upward

Question 12

What is the function of the quadriceps muscles when the heel contacts the ground in walking?

Accepted Answer

A)  extend the lower leg at the knee joint 
B)  flex the lower leg at the knee joint 
C)  flex the thigh at the femoral joint 
D)  stabilize the knee against the reaction force from the floor 
A)  extend the lower leg at the knee joint 
B)  flex the lower leg at the knee joint 
C)  flex the thigh at the femoral joint 
D)  stabilize the knee against the reaction force from the floor

Question 13

Which is the point of rotation in rotary locomotion of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  the center of gravity 
B)  the center of torque 
C)  the part of the body in contact with the surface 
D)  the point of force application
Short Answer Questions 
A)  the center of gravity 
B)  the center of torque 
C)  the part of the body in contact with the surface 
D)  the point of force application
Short Answer Questions

Question 14

How can the long jumper stay in the air longer?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase velocity, decrease angle 
B)  decrease velocity, increase angle 
C)  increase vertical velocity, decrease angle 
D)  maintain velocity, increase angle 
A)  increase velocity, decrease angle 
B)  decrease velocity, increase angle 
C)  increase vertical velocity, decrease angle 
D)  maintain velocity, increase angle

Question 15

What makes it difficult for a runner to change either speed or direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  torque 
B)  acceleration 
C)  inertia 
D)  velocity 
A)  torque 
B)  acceleration 
C)  inertia 
D)  velocity

Question 16

What are the six major components of walking?

Accepted Answer

pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt,

Question 17

Why must a jumper strive for height when executing a long jump?

Accepted Answer

increase t

Question 18

How does the relationship between stride length and stride rate change when going from a walk to a run?

Accepted Answer

A)  stride length increases, stride rate decreases 
B)  stride length decreases. stride rate increases 
C)  stride length increases, stride rate increases 
D)  stride length decreases, stride rate decreases 
A)  stride length increases, stride rate decreases 
B)  stride length decreases. stride rate increases 
C)  stride length increases, stride rate increases 
D)  stride length decreases, stride rate decreases

Question 19

What is the effect of joint actions in the propulsive phase of the long jump?
1) action at the ankle moves lower leg backward for balance
2) action at metatarsal-phalangeal joints lifts body upward
3) hip action helps keep trunk in alignment
4) knee action causes thigh to move forward and upward

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 20

Which of a bicycles rear gears (smallest or largest) would you use when riding up a steep hill?
 Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

largest-in

Exam 19: Locomotion: The Aquatic Environment

What actions are primarily responsible for the final push off in the support phase in walking?

Why should the foot of a runner strike the ground directly under the center of gravity if possible?

Why is it easier for a runner to move the recovery leg forward more rapidly when it is flexed than when extended?

In which part of the walking cycle are the largest forces exerted against the ground?

Why do sprinters use starting blocks instead of just pushing off the ground?

How does the ice skater push off against the ice, given the very low coefficient of friction between the blade and the ice?

Which muscles produce the first part of the forward swing of the lower extremity in walking?

In a long jump, the center of gravity should be ____ the base of support.

What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump?

Which of the following is the purpose of the arm swing in jumping?

In which direction is the force applied during the propulsion phase of the walk?

What is the function of the quadriceps muscles when the heel contacts the ground in walking?

Which is the point of rotation in rotary locomotion of the body?

How can the long jumper stay in the air longer?

What makes it difficult for a runner to change either speed or direction?

What are the six major components of walking?

Why must a jumper strive for height when executing a long jump?

How does the relationship between stride length and stride rate change when going from a walk to a run?

What is the effect of joint actions in the propulsive phase of the long jump? 1) action at the ankle moves lower leg backward for balance 2) action at metatarsal-phalangeal joints lifts body upward 3) hip action helps keep trunk in alignment 4) knee action causes thigh to move forward and upward

Which of a bicycles rear gears (smallest or largest) would you use when riding up a steep hill? Explain your answer.

Introduction to the Study of Kinesiology

The Musculoskeletal System: The Skeletal Framework and Its Movements

The Musculoskeletal System: The Musculature

The Neuromuscular Basis of Human Motion

The Upper Extremity: The Shoulder Region

The Upper Extremity: The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand

The Lower Extremity: The Hip Region

The Lower Extremity: The Knee, Ankle, and Foot

The Spinal Column and Thorax

Terminology and Measurement in Biomechanics

The Description of Human Motion

The Conditions of Linear Motion

The Conditions of Rotary Motion

The Center of Gravity and Stability

Kinesiology of Fitness and Exercise

Moving Objects: Pushing and Pulling

Moving Objects: Throwing, Striking, and Kicking

Locomotion: Solid Surface

Locomotion: When Suspended and Free of Support

Impact

Instrumentation for Motion Analysis

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