Exam 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs

The Canadian government has not yet restricted the amount of ephedra allowed in OTC products and NHPs, which can significantly increase the ability of ripped products to promote weight loss.

Why has it been difficult to do double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on the effects of steroids?

What was one side effect of the tougher 2006 drug testing policies in Major League Baseball?

An ingested powder created by which animal's hooves was thought to help an athlete run faster?

Mariani's Coca Wine, which was sold as "wine for athletes," was an early version of a cola drink containing large amounts of caffeine.

Increasingly, bodybuilders are seeking the look of someone who is both strong and lean, with lots of muscle definition. What is often their ideal body fat goal and what is considered the norm for men?

According to the Major League Baseball Drug Policy, what are the specific Penalties for violating their policies relating specifically to steroid use, after the third positive test?

Which sport was the target of an article published by Jack Swarbick which provided tips for athletes on how to avoid being disqualified for using banned substances?

Anabolic steroids are controlled substances in Canada, listed under Schedule IV of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. As such what does this mean?

Our use of the word dope for illicit drugs is derived from a Dutch word used in South Africa to refer to a cheap wine.

What was the purpose of the article published in a magazine by Jack Swarbick, and who was he?

After using a mixture of strychnine and brandy, what sport was Thomas Hicks participating in when he died at the completion of his competition?

In 2004, what ingredient was banned by the FDA that was previously included in dietary supplement after a Major League Baseball pitcher died from heatstroke after using it?

What is the role of amino acids in the human body?

How does Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act define growth hormones?

Distinguish between the terms anabolic and androgenic when referring to steroid effects. What natural male hormone does both? What happens if women use anabolic steroids?

Why has it been more difficult to determine scientifically whether adult men with normal testosterone can get much stronger from using extra steroids?

What irreversible effects might be produced in women who use steroids to increase their strength?

Besides amphetamine, what other stimulant drugs have been or are being used by athletes to improve performance? Describe the current status of each of these.

Stimulant drugs like caffeine, amphetamines, and cocaine are sometimes considered to increase energy output and are, therefore, referred to as what type of drug?