Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlation equals causation. 
B)  Correlation does not equal causation. 
C)  Correlation sometimes equals causation. 
D)  Correlation is one kind of causation. 
A)  Correlation equals causation. 
B)  Correlation does not equal causation. 
C)  Correlation sometimes equals causation. 
D)  Correlation is one kind of causation.

Question 2

A theoretical perspective that maintains that we can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A theoretical perspective that maintains that we...

Question 3

A set of ideas that helps us to explain our data and make further predictions is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  idea. 
B)  scientific method. 
C)  theory. 
D)  hypothesis. 
A)  idea. 
B)  scientific method. 
C)  theory. 
D)  hypothesis.

Question 4

Life-span psychologists generally agree that

Accepted Answer

A)  stability correctly characterizes development; change does not. 
B)  change correctly characterizes development; stability does not. 
C)  neither stability nor change correctly characterizes development. 
D)  developmental includes both stability and change. 
A)  stability correctly characterizes development; change does not. 
B)  change correctly characterizes development; stability does not. 
C)  neither stability nor change correctly characterizes development. 
D)  developmental includes both stability and change.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of the cognitive theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  They emphasize the individual's active construction of understanding. 
B)  They examine the importance of developments in children's thinking. 
C)  They separate thought into clear pieces. 
D)  They give detailed descriptions of cognitive processes. 
A)  They emphasize the individual's active construction of understanding. 
B)  They examine the importance of developments in children's thinking. 
C)  They separate thought into clear pieces. 
D)  They give detailed descriptions of cognitive processes.

Question 6

In an experiment,the researcher manipulates the __________ variable and measures its effects on the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  operational; dependent 
D)  independent; operational 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  operational; dependent 
D)  independent; operational

Question 7

Felipe is curious about the tipping behavior of patrons at a local restaurant.Occasionally,he sits in the restaurant and watches some of the people around him.He is not able to observe all of the tables in the place,so he formulates his opinions about tipping behavior by the few patrons he can see.What is wrong with Felipe's research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not random. 
B)  It is not correlative. 
C)  It is not systematic. 
D)  It is not ethical. 
A)  It is not random. 
B)  It is not correlative. 
C)  It is not systematic. 
D)  It is not ethical.

Question 8

Compare and contrast behaviorism and social cognitive theory (describe the similarities and the differences between the two approaches).

Accepted Answer

Both behaviorism and social cognitive th

Question 9

Life expectancy refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the average number of years a person can expect to live. 
B)  the maximum number of years a species can live. 
C)  the number of years lived by most people. 
D)  the oldest age of any person in recorded history. 
A)  the average number of years a person can expect to live. 
B)  the maximum number of years a species can live. 
C)  the number of years lived by most people. 
D)  the oldest age of any person in recorded history.

Question 10

Aimee is now 83 years old.Much of her future development will focus on __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth; maintenance 
B)  maintenance; regulation of loss 
C)  regulation of loss; change 
D)  growth; regulation 
A)  growth; maintenance 
B)  maintenance; regulation of loss 
C)  regulation of loss; change 
D)  growth; regulation

Question 11

When she was a teenager,two members of Anna's family were killed by a tornado.More than 30 years later,she is still terrified by storms.This is an example of how a(n)__________ event can influence a person's development.

Accepted Answer

A)  age-graded 
B)  normative-graded 
C)  nonnormative life 
D)  normative history-graded 
A)  age-graded 
B)  normative-graded 
C)  nonnormative life 
D)  normative history-graded

Question 12

Hannah and George disagree.Hannah argues that people within an ethnic group all share the same culture.George,by contrast,argues that people of the same ethnic group may or may not share the same culture.Who is right?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hannah,because sharing the same culture defines ethnicity. 
B)  George,because diversity and differences exist among people within an ethnic group. 
C)  Hannah is correct when referring to ethnic groups within the United States; George is right when referring to ethnic groups in the entire world. 
D)  Hannah is correct when the persons in the ethnic group all share the same socioeconomic status; George is correct when the persons in the ethnic group do not share the same socioeconomic status. 
A)  Hannah,because sharing the same culture defines ethnicity. 
B)  George,because diversity and differences exist among people within an ethnic group. 
C)  Hannah is correct when referring to ethnic groups within the United States; George is right when referring to ethnic groups in the entire world. 
D)  Hannah is correct when the persons in the ethnic group all share the same socioeconomic status; George is correct when the persons in the ethnic group do not share the same socioeconomic status.

Question 13

All of the following trends in older adulthood can be seen in recent decades,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  older adults are living longer. 
B)  older adults are more likely to be childless. 
C)  older adults are less likely to live alone. 
D)  older adults are more likely to be married. 
A)  older adults are living longer. 
B)  older adults are more likely to be childless. 
C)  older adults are less likely to live alone. 
D)  older adults are more likely to be married.

Question 14

Professor Clifton has designed an experiment to study the effects of caffeine on memory.However,she has informed her participants that she is investigating the taste preferences of caffeine drinks.Professor Clifton has

Accepted Answer

A)  used deception,but this is ethically acceptable if it does not harm the participants. 
B)  used deception,but this is ethically acceptable as long as the participants are over the age of 18 years. 
C)  lied to participants which is considered ethically unacceptable. 
D)  distorted the truth,but this is ethically acceptable because she will gather information about their taste preferences. 
A)  used deception,but this is ethically acceptable if it does not harm the participants. 
B)  used deception,but this is ethically acceptable as long as the participants are over the age of 18 years. 
C)  lied to participants which is considered ethically unacceptable. 
D)  distorted the truth,but this is ethically acceptable because she will gather information about their taste preferences.

Question 15

Johnathan is almost completely dependent on his parents.He is just learning to recognize things that he wants and how to get them.Johnathan is in the period of development called

Accepted Answer

A)  late childhood. 
B)  middle childhood. 
C)  early childhood. 
D)  infancy. 
A)  late childhood. 
B)  middle childhood. 
C)  early childhood. 
D)  infancy.

Question 16

This theorist developed the theory of operant conditioning.B.F.Skinner

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist developed the theory of operant...

Question 17

Explain ethology and the concept of critical periods.

Accepted Answer

Ethology stresses that behavior is stron

Question 18

The structure of Miss Darby's elementary classroom in New York City is based on sociocultural theory.Her classroom would likely be characterized by all of the following,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  she has the children work at their own pace. 
B)  she has children work in groups to solve problems. 
C)  she spends a great deal of time working with individual children. 
D)  she is teaching students to use the computer and the Internet. 
A)  she has the children work at their own pace. 
B)  she has children work in groups to solve problems. 
C)  she spends a great deal of time working with individual children. 
D)  she is teaching students to use the computer and the Internet.

Question 19

This sociocultural context consists of the behavior patterns,beliefs,and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This sociocultural context consists of the behavior...

Question 20

A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients.The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for 8 weeks.At the end of the program,their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill.In this study,the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  number of minutes on the treadmill. 
B)  the exercise program (high versus low). 
C)  heart rate during the exercise program. 
D)  the 8-week duration of the exercise program. 
A)  number of minutes on the treadmill. 
B)  the exercise program (high versus low). 
C)  heart rate during the exercise program. 
D)  the 8-week duration of the exercise program.

Which of the following statements is true?

A theoretical perspective that maintains that we can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured.

A set of ideas that helps us to explain our data and make further predictions is known as a(n)

Life-span psychologists generally agree that

Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of the cognitive theories?

In an experiment,the researcher manipulates the variable and measures its effects on the variable.

Compare and contrast behaviorism and social cognitive theory (describe the similarities and the differences between the two approaches).

Life expectancy refers to

Aimee is now 83 years old.Much of her future development will focus on and .

When she was a teenager,two members of Anna's family were killed by a tornado.More than 30 years later,she is still terrified by storms.This is an example of how a(n)__________ event can influence a person's development.

Hannah and George disagree.Hannah argues that people within an ethnic group all share the same culture.George,by contrast,argues that people of the same ethnic group may or may not share the same culture.Who is right?

All of the following trends in older adulthood can be seen in recent decades,EXCEPT

Professor Clifton has designed an experiment to study the effects of caffeine on memory.However,she has informed her participants that she is investigating the taste preferences of caffeine drinks.Professor Clifton has

Johnathan is almost completely dependent on his parents.He is just learning to recognize things that he wants and how to get them.Johnathan is in the period of development called

This theorist developed the theory of operant conditioning.B.F.Skinner

Explain ethology and the concept of critical periods.

The structure of Miss Darby's elementary classroom in New York City is based on sociocultural theory.Her classroom would likely be characterized by all of the following,EXCEPT

This sociocultural context consists of the behavior patterns,beliefs,and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development and Health

Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Information Processing

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

The Self and Identity

Gender

Moral Development

Families

Peers

Schools and Achievement

Culture and Diversity

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction

Which of the following statements is true?

A theoretical perspective that maintains that we can study scientifically only what can be directly observed and measured.

A set of ideas that helps us to explain our data and make further predictions is known as a(n)

Life-span psychologists generally agree that

Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of the cognitive theories?

In an experiment,the researcher manipulates the __________ variable and measures its effects on the __________ variable.

Compare and contrast behaviorism and social cognitive theory (describe the similarities and the differences between the two approaches).

Life expectancy refers to

Aimee is now 83 years old.Much of her future development will focus on __________ and __________.

When she was a teenager,two members of Anna's family were killed by a tornado.More than 30 years later,she is still terrified by storms.This is an example of how a(n)__________ event can influence a person's development.

Hannah and George disagree.Hannah argues that people within an ethnic group all share the same culture.George,by contrast,argues that people of the same ethnic group may or may not share the same culture.Who is right?

All of the following trends in older adulthood can be seen in recent decades,EXCEPT

Professor Clifton has designed an experiment to study the effects of caffeine on memory.However,she has informed her participants that she is investigating the taste preferences of caffeine drinks.Professor Clifton has

Johnathan is almost completely dependent on his parents.He is just learning to recognize things that he wants and how to get them.Johnathan is in the period of development called

This theorist developed the theory of operant conditioning.B.F.Skinner

Explain ethology and the concept of critical periods.

The structure of Miss Darby's elementary classroom in New York City is based on sociocultural theory.Her classroom would likely be characterized by all of the following,EXCEPT

This sociocultural context consists of the behavior patterns,beliefs,and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development and Health

Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Information Processing

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

The Self and Identity

Gender

Moral Development

Families

Peers

Schools and Achievement

Culture and Diversity

Filters

In an experiment,the researcher manipulates the variable and measures its effects on the variable.

Aimee is now 83 years old.Much of her future development will focus on and .