Question 1

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval reinforcement. 
B)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
C)  sudden withdrawal of reinforcement. 
D)  secondary reinforcement. 
A)  fixed interval reinforcement. 
B)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
C)  sudden withdrawal of reinforcement. 
D)  secondary reinforcement. A

Question 2

In Pavlovian conditioning,when a new stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus is presented,and it elicits a weakened version of the conditioned response,the phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus carry-over. 
B)  association by similarity. 
C)  response degeneration. 
D)  generalization. 
A)  stimulus carry-over. 
B)  association by similarity. 
C)  response degeneration. 
D)  generalization. D

Question 3

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a:

Accepted Answer

A)  professional writer. 
B)  lawyer. 
C)  neurologist. 
D)  psychoanalyst. 
A)  professional writer. 
B)  lawyer. 
C)  neurologist. 
D)  psychoanalyst. A

Question 4

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  an ultraviolet light sometimes used as a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a technique to ensure his surgical operations were performed antiseptically. 
C)  the neural mechanism causing muscular tremors in some experimental neuroses. 
D)  a wave spreading excitation or inhibition over the surface of the brain. 
A)  an ultraviolet light sometimes used as a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a technique to ensure his surgical operations were performed antiseptically. 
C)  the neural mechanism causing muscular tremors in some experimental neuroses. 
D)  a wave spreading excitation or inhibition over the surface of the brain.

Question 5

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a bell immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings. Then the bell is sounded alone,and the dog salivates. In such an experiment,the food is called the_____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 6

Pavlov and his workers produced "experimental neurosis" in dogs by:

Accepted Answer

A)  forcing them to confront differentiation situations they could not solve. 
B)  suddenly withholding the unconditioned stimuli, after many previous regular pairings with the conditioned stimuli. 
C)  using electric shocks as unconditioned stimuli. 
D)  feeding them at irregular intervals. 
A)  forcing them to confront differentiation situations they could not solve. 
B)  suddenly withholding the unconditioned stimuli, after many previous regular pairings with the conditioned stimuli. 
C)  using electric shocks as unconditioned stimuli. 
D)  feeding them at irregular intervals.

Question 7

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on the grounds that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it was insufficiently objective and behavioristic. 
B)  it could not account for non?European language development. 
C)  it did not take into account grammatical structures that are innate and uniquely human. 
D)  it focused excessively on positive as opposed to negative reinforcement. 
A)  it was insufficiently objective and behavioristic. 
B)  it could not account for non?European language development. 
C)  it did not take into account grammatical structures that are innate and uniquely human. 
D)  it focused excessively on positive as opposed to negative reinforcement.

Question 8

___________________________conditioning is typically measured in terms of response latency or magnitude,while __________________conditioning is measured in terms of response rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant; respondent 
B)  respondent; operant 
C)  respondent; Pavlovian 
D)  Skinnerian; Pavlovian 
A)  operant; respondent 
B)  respondent; operant 
C)  respondent; Pavlovian 
D)  Skinnerian; Pavlovian

Question 9

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  large total amount of "happiness" in society. 
B)  reduction in the control of behavior exerted by reinforcement contingencies. 
C)  great and exclusive emphasis on rewards. 
D)  great and undesirable emphasis on punishments. 
A)  large total amount of "happiness" in society. 
B)  reduction in the control of behavior exerted by reinforcement contingencies. 
C)  great and exclusive emphasis on rewards. 
D)  great and undesirable emphasis on punishments.

Question 10

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanistic behaviorism . 
B)  purposive behaviorism. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  both b and c above 
A)  mechanistic behaviorism . 
B)  purposive behaviorism. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  both b and c above

Question 11

What did Watson say about unconscious thought in his textbook,Behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not exist. 
B)  It is explainable as a sequence of non-verbal (kinesthetic or visceral) reactions. 
C)  It is explainable as a chain of low-level verbal or vocal responses. 
D)  It may exist, but it is incapable of being studied by a scientific psychology. 
A)  It does not exist. 
B)  It is explainable as a sequence of non-verbal (kinesthetic or visceral) reactions. 
C)  It is explainable as a chain of low-level verbal or vocal responses. 
D)  It may exist, but it is incapable of being studied by a scientific psychology.

Question 12

Which of the following did Watson advise for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repair doors so they won't bang unnecessarily. 
B)  Dress infants in loose clothing. 
C)  Avoid responding to their mishaps with physical affection. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Repair doors so they won't bang unnecessarily. 
B)  Dress infants in loose clothing. 
C)  Avoid responding to their mishaps with physical affection. 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic studies of the physiology of digestion. 
B)  systematic studies of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. 
C)  application of conditioning principles to human psychiatric disorders. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  systematic studies of the physiology of digestion. 
B)  systematic studies of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. 
C)  application of conditioning principles to human psychiatric disorders. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into:

Accepted Answer

A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  partial reinforcers. 
C)  primary reinforcers. 
D)  secondary reinforcers. 
A)  token reinforcers. 
B)  partial reinforcers. 
C)  primary reinforcers. 
D)  secondary reinforcers.

Question 15

At first,Pavlov was reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  he lacked the proper kinds of laboratory apparatus. 
B)  he thought the variables could not be sufficiently well-controlled. 
C)  he was more interested in active, instrumental behaviors than in passive responses such as salivation. 
D)  he was afraid of being associated with psychology, which he regarded as a scientifically disreputable subject. 
A)  he lacked the proper kinds of laboratory apparatus. 
B)  he thought the variables could not be sufficiently well-controlled. 
C)  he was more interested in active, instrumental behaviors than in passive responses such as salivation. 
D)  he was afraid of being associated with psychology, which he regarded as a scientifically disreputable subject.

Question 16

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it was a properly objective technique that he could apply to many other learning situations besides the salivary reflex. 
B)  it explained a great deal about the nature of the brain. 
C)  it showed the value of precise measurements in psychological experiments. 
D)  both a and b above 
A)  it was a properly objective technique that he could apply to many other learning situations besides the salivary reflex. 
B)  it explained a great deal about the nature of the brain. 
C)  it showed the value of precise measurements in psychological experiments. 
D)  both a and b above

Question 17

Pavlov's consideration of such phenomena as generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning is the result of excitatory processes in different specific locations in the brain. 
B)  learning is the result of separate excitatory and inhibitory processes which may interact in specific locations in the brain. 
C)  learning and memory must take place in just a very small part of the brain. 
D)  physiological explanations of learned behavior would have to be supported by purely psychological explanations and interpretations as well. 
A)  learning is the result of excitatory processes in different specific locations in the brain. 
B)  learning is the result of separate excitatory and inhibitory processes which may interact in specific locations in the brain. 
C)  learning and memory must take place in just a very small part of the brain. 
D)  physiological explanations of learned behavior would have to be supported by purely psychological explanations and interpretations as well.

Question 18

An innovative and trend-setting book written by John B.Watson in 1928,suggesting many applications of his theory,was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological Care of the Infant and Child. 
B)  Progressive Education. 
C)  Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. 
D)  Practical Learning Theory. 
A)  Psychological Care of the Infant and Child. 
B)  Progressive Education. 
C)  Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes. 
D)  Practical Learning Theory.

Question 19

Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate the instinctive fears of a human infant. 
B)  show that human beings are not as conditionable as animals. 
C)  show that behavioristic methods could be used on humans as well as animals. 
D)  prove that he could produce a conditioned emotional fear response. 
A)  demonstrate the instinctive fears of a human infant. 
B)  show that human beings are not as conditionable as animals. 
C)  show that behavioristic methods could be used on humans as well as animals. 
D)  prove that he could produce a conditioned emotional fear response.

Question 20

Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two describes a society:

Accepted Answer

A)  governed by the principles of classical liberal political theory. 
B)  whose members' behavior is partly controlled by chemicals. 
C)  whose members' behavior is completely determined by positive reinforcement. 
D)  whose members' behavior is completely controlled by judicious use of positive and negative reinforcement. 
A)  governed by the principles of classical liberal political theory. 
B)  whose members' behavior is partly controlled by chemicals. 
C)  whose members' behavior is completely determined by positive reinforcement. 
D)  whose members' behavior is completely controlled by judicious use of positive and negative reinforcement.

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by:

In Pavlovian conditioning,when a new stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus is presented,and it elicits a weakened version of the conditioned response,the phenomenon is called:

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a:

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to:

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a bell immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings. Then the bell is sounded alone,and the dog salivates. In such an experiment,the food is called the_____________.

Pavlov and his workers produced "experimental neurosis" in dogs by:

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on the grounds that:

_________conditioning is typically measured in terms of response latency or magnitude,while conditioning is measured in terms of response rate.

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a:

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of:

What did Watson say about unconscious thought in his textbook,Behaviorism?

Which of the following did Watson advise for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his:

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into:

At first,Pavlov was reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs because:

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because:

Pavlov's consideration of such phenomena as generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude that:

An innovative and trend-setting book written by John B.Watson in 1928,suggesting many applications of his theory,was:

Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment was to:

Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two describes a society:

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters

Exam 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner

A cumulative record showing regular,scalloped-shaped variation is characteristically produced by:

In Pavlovian conditioning,when a new stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus is presented,and it elicits a weakened version of the conditioned response,the phenomenon is called:

B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a:

In Pavlov's theory,"irradiation" refers to:

In a typical Pavlovian experiment,the sound of a bell immediately precedes the feeding of the dog,for several feedings. Then the bell is sounded alone,and the dog salivates. In such an experiment,the food is called the_____________.

Pavlov and his workers produced "experimental neurosis" in dogs by:

Skinner's 1957 book Verbal Behavior was severely criticized by Noam Chomsky on the grounds that:

___________________________conditioning is typically measured in terms of response latency or magnitude,while __________________conditioning is measured in terms of response rate.

According to Skinner,one of the necessary consequences of regarding behavior as "freely" produced by "autonomous man" is a:

Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of:

What did Watson say about unconscious thought in his textbook,Behaviorism?

Which of the following did Watson advise for the successful rearing of babies and young children?

Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his:

Simple stimuli such as clicks from a toy clicker may be used to help shape up complicated chains of responses if,through previous respondent conditioning,they have been made into:

At first,Pavlov was reluctant to study the "psychic secretions" of his laboratory dogs because:

Watson found Pavlov's conditioned reflex concept useful in his own work because:

Pavlov's consideration of such phenomena as generalization,differentiation,and experimental neurosis led him to conclude that:

An innovative and trend-setting book written by John B.Watson in 1928,suggesting many applications of his theory,was:

Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment was to:

Skinner's utopian novel Walden Two describes a society:

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets "Personality": Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence

Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Filters

_________conditioning is typically measured in terms of response latency or magnitude,while conditioning is measured in terms of response rate.