Question 1

Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

Accepted Answer

A) depth within rock layers 
B) radioactive isotopes 
C) a molecular clock 
D) structural features 
E) embryonic structures 
A) depth within rock layers 
B) radioactive isotopes 
C) a molecular clock 
D) structural features 
E) embryonic structures B

Question 2

The number of differences between cytochrome c of humans and cytochrome c of other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference;pigeon - 12 differences;fruit fly - 24 differences.The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

Accepted Answer

A) Rhesus monkey,pigeon,fruit fly. 
B) pigeon,Rhesus monkey,fruit fly. 
C) pigeon,fruit fly,Rhesus monkey. 
D) Rhesus monkey,fruit fly,pigeon. 
E) fruit fly,pigeon,Rhesus monkey. 
A) Rhesus monkey,pigeon,fruit fly. 
B) pigeon,Rhesus monkey,fruit fly. 
C) pigeon,fruit fly,Rhesus monkey. 
D) Rhesus monkey,fruit fly,pigeon. 
E) fruit fly,pigeon,Rhesus monkey. A

Question 3

A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Accepted Answer

A) parsimonious. 
B) homeotic. 
C) homologous. 
D) vestigial. 
E) dominant. 
A) parsimonious. 
B) homeotic. 
C) homologous. 
D) vestigial. 
E) dominant. B

Question 4

Marsupials are mammals that

Accepted Answer

A) lay eggs. 
B) do not give live birth. 
C) have evolved recently. 
D) carry their young in a pouch. 
E) breathe through gills. 
A) lay eggs. 
B) do not give live birth. 
C) have evolved recently. 
D) carry their young in a pouch. 
E) breathe through gills.

Question 5

The fossil record is often incomplete,simply because scientists will never be able to discover some of the fossils that are buried deep in the earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

A) fossil links between species 
B) vestigial structures 
C) analogous structures 
D) embryonic development 
E) shared DNA sequences 
A) fossil links between species 
B) vestigial structures 
C) analogous structures 
D) embryonic development 
E) shared DNA sequences

Question 7

Earth's history spans about 4.6 billion years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Accepted Answer

A) a leaf or stem 
B) a bone or shell 
C) an organ like an eye or lung 
D) a complete large organism 
E) an organism that died on land 
A) a leaf or stem 
B) a bone or shell 
C) an organ like an eye or lung 
D) a complete large organism 
E) an organism that died on land

Question 9

Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of homologous structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry,these structures are

Accepted Answer

A) vestigial. 
B) analogous. 
C) homologous. 
D) homeotic. 
E) heterologous. 
A) vestigial. 
B) analogous. 
C) homologous. 
D) homeotic. 
E) heterologous.

Question 11

Within the country of Indonesia,the island of Sumatra has tigers and rhinos,while to the East,the island of Sulawesi has cockatoos and tree kangaroos.What is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) The climates on the two islands are very different,allowing some species to survive,and others not. 
B) Some species can migrate between islands and others cannot. 
C) Animals in Sumatra evolved independently,while those in Sulawesi came from Australia. 
D) Animals in Sumatra came from Asia,while those in Sulawesi came from Australia. 
E) Animals in Sumatra and Sulawesi both came from Asia,but those in Sulawesi migrated farther. 
A) The climates on the two islands are very different,allowing some species to survive,and others not. 
B) Some species can migrate between islands and others cannot. 
C) Animals in Sumatra evolved independently,while those in Sulawesi came from Australia. 
D) Animals in Sumatra came from Asia,while those in Sulawesi came from Australia. 
E) Animals in Sumatra and Sulawesi both came from Asia,but those in Sulawesi migrated farther.

Question 12

Which of the following is least likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Accepted Answer

A) a bone or shell 
B) a leaf or stem 
C) an organ like an eye or lung 
D) a complete large organism 
E) an organism that died on land 
A) a bone or shell 
B) a leaf or stem 
C) an organ like an eye or lung 
D) a complete large organism 
E) an organism that died on land

Question 13

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

Accepted Answer

A) They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes. 
B) The molecular clock runs at different speeds in different species. 
C) All answers are correct. 
D) Natural selection favors mutations in one species over another. 
E) Convergent evolution causes the difference in mutations. 
A) They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes. 
B) The molecular clock runs at different speeds in different species. 
C) All answers are correct. 
D) Natural selection favors mutations in one species over another. 
E) Convergent evolution causes the difference in mutations.

Question 14

The half life of 14C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8th the 14C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) 5,730 x 2 = 11,460 
B) 5,730 x 1 = 5,730 
C) 5,730 x 8 = 42,960 
D) 5,730 / 8 = 716 
E) 5,730 x 3 = 17,190 
A) 5,730 x 2 = 11,460 
B) 5,730 x 1 = 5,730 
C) 5,730 x 8 = 42,960 
D) 5,730 / 8 = 716 
E) 5,730 x 3 = 17,190

Question 15

Carbon-14 is useful in determining the age of a fossil up to about

Accepted Answer

A) 40,000 years ago. 
B) 10,000 years ago. 
C) 20,000 years ago. 
D) 50,000 years ago. 
E) 100,000 years ago. 
A) 40,000 years ago. 
B) 10,000 years ago. 
C) 20,000 years ago. 
D) 50,000 years ago. 
E) 100,000 years ago.

Question 16

Fossils may be

Accepted Answer

A) from impressions left after an organism decays. 
B) formed as organic matter is replaced by minerals,turning to stone. 
C) formed when plant resin or tar preserves the specimen. 
D) casts from footprints that have filled with mud and then turned to stone. 
E) All answers are correct. 
A) from impressions left after an organism decays. 
B) formed as organic matter is replaced by minerals,turning to stone. 
C) formed when plant resin or tar preserves the specimen. 
D) casts from footprints that have filled with mud and then turned to stone. 
E) All answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) streamlined body shape in marine predators 
B) lack of pigmentation and working eyes in cave-dwelling and deep-sea organisms 
C) wings and ability to fly in birds and insects 
D) marsupial moles and placental moles 
E) All answers are correct. 
A) streamlined body shape in marine predators 
B) lack of pigmentation and working eyes in cave-dwelling and deep-sea organisms 
C) wings and ability to fly in birds and insects 
D) marsupial moles and placental moles 
E) All answers are correct.

Question 18

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolving Backwards",what is the significance of the marine fossil snakes (highlighted in the figure)?

Accepted Answer

A) Is an ancestor to modern-day snakes and has same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes 
B) Is an outgroup unrelated to modern-day snakes 
C) Has the same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes 
D) Has a common ancestor to modern-day snakes,but placed in a derived group 
E) Is the ancestor to modern-day snakes,but has different anatomical organization than modern-day snakes 
A) Is an ancestor to modern-day snakes and has same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes 
B) Is an outgroup unrelated to modern-day snakes 
C) Has the same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes 
D) Has a common ancestor to modern-day snakes,but placed in a derived group 
E) Is the ancestor to modern-day snakes,but has different anatomical organization than modern-day snakes

Question 19

Amphibians,birds,and mammals look the most similar as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) newborns 
B) embryos 
C) adults 
D) fossils 
E) juveniles 
A) newborns 
B) embryos 
C) adults 
D) fossils 
E) juveniles

Question 20

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

Accepted Answer

A) analogous. 
B) homologous. 
C) homeotiC. 
D) vestigial. 
E) heterologous. 
A) analogous. 
B) homologous. 
C) homeotiC. 
D) vestigial. 
E) heterologous.

Exam 13: Evidence of Evolution

Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

The number of differences between cytochrome c of humans and cytochrome c of other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference;pigeon - 12 differences;fruit fly - 24 differences.The order in which these species are most similar to humans is

A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed

Marsupials are mammals that

The fossil record is often incomplete,simply because scientists will never be able to discover some of the fossils that are buried deep in the earth.

Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports evolutionary theory?

Earth's history spans about 4.6 billion years.

Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of homologous structures.

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry,these structures are

Within the country of Indonesia,the island of Sumatra has tigers and rhinos,while to the East,the island of Sulawesi has cockatoos and tree kangaroos.What is the best explanation for this observation?

Which of the following is least likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

The half life of 14C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8th the 14C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.

Carbon-14 is useful in determining the age of a fossil up to about

Fossils may be

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolving Backwards",what is the significance of the marine fossil snakes (highlighted in the figure)?

Amphibians,birds,and mammals look the most similar as _____.

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cells

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication and Cell Division

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

Forces of Evolutionary Change

Speciation and Extinction

Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Preserving Biodiversity

Plant Form and Function

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Nervous System and the Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Regulating Temperature, nutrients, and Body Fluids

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

Filters

The half life of ¹⁴C is 5,730 years.If you test a fossilized bone and find that it has 1/8^th the ¹⁴C as a modern bone,you could conclude that it is approximately __ years old.