Question 1

Mycologists classify fungi into phyla based on their sexual structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane. 
B) flagellum. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm. 
A) cell membrane. 
B) flagellum. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm. D

Question 3

The individual microscopic filaments that make up most of a multicellular fungus are

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae. 
B) spores. 
C) fruiting bodies. 
D) gills. 
E) chitin. 
A) hyphae. 
B) spores. 
C) fruiting bodies. 
D) gills. 
E) chitin. A

Question 4

The largest algae are

Accepted Answer

A) kelp. 
B) diatoms. 
C) red algae. 
D) golden algae. 
E) green algaE. 
A) kelp. 
B) diatoms. 
C) red algae. 
D) golden algae. 
E) green algaE.

Question 5

A substance produced by brown algae that is used as an emulsifying and thickening agent in many foods and other products is

Accepted Answer

A) agar. 
B) red ooze. 
C) gelatin. 
D) carageenan. 
E) algin. 
A) agar. 
B) red ooze. 
C) gelatin. 
D) carageenan. 
E) algin.

Question 6

Entamoeba histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery.It moves using pseudopodia,feeds heterotrophically,and is unicellular.Entamoeba histolytica is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a protozoan 
B) an alga 
C) a slime mold 
D) a diatom 
E) a dinoflagellate 
A) a protozoan 
B) an alga 
C) a slime mold 
D) a diatom 
E) a dinoflagellate

Question 7

Molecular evidence places fungi closer to plants than animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dormant thick-walled structures that allow some bacteria to survive harsh conditions are

Accepted Answer

A) plasmids. 
B) pili. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) flagella. 
E) endospores. 
A) plasmids. 
B) pili. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) flagella. 
E) endospores.

Question 9

In the section "Investigating Life: The Battle for Position in Cacao Tree Leaves",did the age of the leaf at the time of treatment affect the ability of endophytes to protect the plants?

Accepted Answer

A) No - the mature leaves treated with endophytes had about the same level of damage as young leaves without endophytes. 
B) Yes - young leaves were more susceptible to damage even in the presence of endophytes. 
C) No - the endophytes could protect the plants if applied to young or old leaves. 
D) Yes - the mature leaves treated with endophytes showed the highest level of damage. 
E) Yes - the young leaves with endophytes had less damage than the mature leaves with endophytes. 
A) No - the mature leaves treated with endophytes had about the same level of damage as young leaves without endophytes. 
B) Yes - young leaves were more susceptible to damage even in the presence of endophytes. 
C) No - the endophytes could protect the plants if applied to young or old leaves. 
D) Yes - the mature leaves treated with endophytes showed the highest level of damage. 
E) Yes - the young leaves with endophytes had less damage than the mature leaves with endophytes.

Question 10

Which theory explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) the theory of evolution 
B) the theory of natural selection 
C) the geologic time theory 
D) the cell theory 
E) the endosymbiont theory 
A) the theory of evolution 
B) the theory of natural selection 
C) the geologic time theory 
D) the cell theory 
E) the endosymbiont theory

Question 11

Most bacteria inside and on the human body cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Zygospores are formed by

Accepted Answer

A) chytridiomycotA. 
B) ascomycota. 
C) zygomycota. 
D) basidiomycota. 
E) glomeromycota. 
A) chytridiomycotA. 
B) ascomycota. 
C) zygomycota. 
D) basidiomycota. 
E) glomeromycota.

Question 13

Microscopic reproductive cells produced by most fungi are

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae. 
B) fruiting bodies. 
C) mycelia. 
D) gills. 
E) spores. 
A) hyphae. 
B) fruiting bodies. 
C) mycelia. 
D) gills. 
E) spores.

Question 14

The first cells probably arose about

Accepted Answer

A) 500 million years ago. 
B) 1.2 billion years ago. 
C) two billion years ago. 
D) six billion years ago. 
E) four billion years ago. 
A) 500 million years ago. 
B) 1.2 billion years ago. 
C) two billion years ago. 
D) six billion years ago. 
E) four billion years ago.

Question 15

Chytridiomycetes produce enzymes that digest cellulose,chitin,and similar molecules.These fungi are contributing to the decline of amphibians world-wide through what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) by infecting their lungs 
B) by digesting keratin in the frog's skin 
C) by killing their eggs in the water 
D) by digesting chitin in the cell wall of the frog's cells 
E) by digesting cellulose in the cell wall of the frog's cells 
A) by infecting their lungs 
B) by digesting keratin in the frog's skin 
C) by killing their eggs in the water 
D) by digesting chitin in the cell wall of the frog's cells 
E) by digesting cellulose in the cell wall of the frog's cells

Question 16

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Accepted Answer

A) six billion years ago. 
B) six million years ago. 
C) four billion years ago. 
D) four million years ago. 
E) one million years ago. 
A) six billion years ago. 
B) six million years ago. 
C) four billion years ago. 
D) four million years ago. 
E) one million years ago.

Question 17

Based on the endosymbiont theory,which of the following would you expect to find in a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) a nucleus 
C) silica 
D) DNA 
E) a mitochondrion 
A) cellulose 
B) a nucleus 
C) silica 
D) DNA 
E) a mitochondrion

Question 18

Why are lichens a good indicator of environmental quality?

Accepted Answer

A) They cannot absorb toxins. 
B) If the air is polluted they cannot get enough sunlight for photosynthesis. 
C) They cannot excrete absorbed toxins. 
D) If the soil is polluted they cannot produce roots. 
E) Toxins inhibit their reproduction. 
A) They cannot absorb toxins. 
B) If the air is polluted they cannot get enough sunlight for photosynthesis. 
C) They cannot excrete absorbed toxins. 
D) If the soil is polluted they cannot produce roots. 
E) Toxins inhibit their reproduction.

Question 19

Clays often have positively-charged surfaces.How may this have been important in the formation of organic macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a source of ATP to run chemical reactions. 
B) They form covalent bonds with organic building blocks. 
C) They can form templates by binding organic building blocks. 
D) They are a source of oxygen to break down organic building blocks. 
E) They are formed from meteorites that carried organic molecules to Earth. 
A) They are a source of ATP to run chemical reactions. 
B) They form covalent bonds with organic building blocks. 
C) They can form templates by binding organic building blocks. 
D) They are a source of oxygen to break down organic building blocks. 
E) They are formed from meteorites that carried organic molecules to Earth.

Question 20

Unlike plant cells,fungal cells lack which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) chloroplasts 
C) cell walls 
D) nuclei 
E) cytoplasm 
A) mitochondria 
B) chloroplasts 
C) cell walls 
D) nuclei 
E) cytoplasm

Exam 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

Mycologists classify fungi into phyla based on their sexual structures.

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

The individual microscopic filaments that make up most of a multicellular fungus are

The largest algae are

A substance produced by brown algae that is used as an emulsifying and thickening agent in many foods and other products is

Entamoeba histolytica can cause amoebic dysentery.It moves using pseudopodia,feeds heterotrophically,and is unicellular.Entamoeba histolytica is which of the following?

Molecular evidence places fungi closer to plants than animals.

Dormant thick-walled structures that allow some bacteria to survive harsh conditions are

In the section "Investigating Life: The Battle for Position in Cacao Tree Leaves",did the age of the leaf at the time of treatment affect the ability of endophytes to protect the plants?

Which theory explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Most bacteria inside and on the human body cause disease.

Zygospores are formed by

Microscopic reproductive cells produced by most fungi are

The first cells probably arose about

Chytridiomycetes produce enzymes that digest cellulose,chitin,and similar molecules.These fungi are contributing to the decline of amphibians world-wide through what mechanism?

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Based on the endosymbiont theory,which of the following would you expect to find in a chloroplast?

Why are lichens a good indicator of environmental quality?

Clays often have positively-charged surfaces.How may this have been important in the formation of organic macromolecules?

Unlike plant cells,fungal cells lack which of the following?

Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cells

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication and Cell Division

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

Forces of Evolutionary Change

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Preserving Biodiversity

Plant Form and Function

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Nervous System and the Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Regulating Temperature, nutrients, and Body Fluids

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

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