Question 1

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse 
B)  the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow 
C)  the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale 
D)  the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human 
E)  the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile 
A)  the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse 
B)  the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow 
C)  the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale 
D)  the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human 
E)  the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile B

Question 3

Figure:  
-Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)  A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey. 
B)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation. 
D)  There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree. 
E)  The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are. 
A)  A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey. 
B)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation. 
D)  There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree. 
E)  The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are. A

Question 4

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects 
A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects

Question 5

Homologous structures

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical functions. 
B)  have fully divergent functions. 
C)  are also called analogous structures. 
D)  are shared by organisms of the same genus. 
E)  are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. 
A)  have identical functions. 
B)  have fully divergent functions. 
C)  are also called analogous structures. 
D)  are shared by organisms of the same genus. 
E)  are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

Question 6

The term parsimony implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  the three domain system is superior to the five kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms. 
A)  the three domain system is superior to the five kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms.

Question 7

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
E)  gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record. 
A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
E)  gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

Question 8

Figure:  
-Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee. 
B)  The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin. 
C)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee. 
D)  The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human. 
E)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human. 
A)  The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee. 
B)  The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin. 
C)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee. 
D)  The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human. 
E)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human.

Question 9

Shared derived traits

Accepted Answer

A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found in only certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. 
A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found in only certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup.

Question 10

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals, such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility 
A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility

Question 11

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Accepted Answer

A)  in only the two most recent ancestors. 
B)  only among the members of the ingroup. 
C)  in both the outgroup and the ingroup. 
D)  in two of the outgroups. 
E)  only in the most distant ancestor. 
A)  in only the two most recent ancestors. 
B)  only among the members of the ingroup. 
C)  in both the outgroup and the ingroup. 
D)  in two of the outgroups. 
E)  only in the most distant ancestor.

Question 14

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

Accepted Answer

A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  punctuated equilibrium 
A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 15

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene 
A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

Question 16

Two species are said to be closely related if they

Accepted Answer

A)  possess a common ancestor. 
B)  can interbreed, but not produce fertile offspring. 
C)  are reproductively isolated from each other. 
D)  have a shared gene pool. 
E)  can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 
A)  possess a common ancestor. 
B)  can interbreed, but not produce fertile offspring. 
C)  are reproductively isolated from each other. 
D)  have a shared gene pool. 
E)  can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 17

A clade includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an outgroup and an ingroup 
B)  a common ancestor and all its descendant species 
C)  one taxa with shared derived characters 
D)  both an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters 
E)  the ingroup only 
A)  an outgroup and an ingroup 
B)  a common ancestor and all its descendant species 
C)  one taxa with shared derived characters 
D)  both an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters 
E)  the ingroup only

Question 18

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether

Accepted Answer

A)  resulting species are reproductively isolated or not. 
B)  gene flow continues to occur or not. 
C)  two or three species result. 
D)  geographic isolation is required or not. 
E)  the new species are separated by a prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
A)  resulting species are reproductively isolated or not. 
B)  gene flow continues to occur or not. 
C)  two or three species result. 
D)  geographic isolation is required or not. 
E)  the new species are separated by a prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Question 19

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 20

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific epithet 
B)  genus 
C)  binomial name 
D)  family name 
E)  order name 
A)  specific epithet 
B)  genus 
C)  binomial name 
D)  family name 
E)  order name

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Figure: -Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Homologous structures

The term parsimony implies that

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Figure: -Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Shared derived traits

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals, such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Two species are said to be closely related if they

A clade includes which of the following?

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes. This is an example of

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the ________.

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