Question 1

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse 
B)  the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow 
C)  the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale 
D)  the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human 
E)  the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile 
A)  the forelimb of a bat and the forelimb of a horse 
B)  the wings of a fly and the wings of a sparrow 
C)  the pelvis of a human and the pelvis of a whale 
D)  the flipper of a dolphin and the arm of a human 
E)  the wings of a bird and the forelimb of a reptile B

Question 2

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects 
A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects A

Question 3

The pollen from a red maple is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple.This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid sterility 
E)  gamete isolation 
A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid sterility 
E)  gamete isolation E

Question 4

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. 
B)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. 
C)  molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
D)  molecular evidence and fossil records. 
E)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
A)  molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. 
B)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. 
C)  molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
D)  molecular evidence and fossil records. 
E)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records.

Question 5

The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in Domain Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane-bound nucleus 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  cell wall 
D)  chloroplast 
E)  mitochondria 
A)  membrane-bound nucleus 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  cell wall 
D)  chloroplast 
E)  mitochondria

Question 6

Use of chemical signals in mate recognition is a type of postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is not a prezygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two species occupy different habitats. 
B)  The two species are active during different parts of the day. 
C)  The two species mate during different times of the year. 
D)  The two species have incompatible genitalia. 
E)  The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile. 
A)  The two species occupy different habitats. 
B)  The two species are active during different parts of the day. 
C)  The two species mate during different times of the year. 
D)  The two species have incompatible genitalia. 
E)  The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile.

Question 8

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  genus - family - order - class - phylum 
B)  phylum - order - class - family - species 
C)  genus - order - family - class - phylum 
D)  family - order - class - phylum - kingdom 
E)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order 
A)  genus - family - order - class - phylum 
B)  phylum - order - class - family - species 
C)  genus - order - family - class - phylum 
D)  family - order - class - phylum - kingdom 
E)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

Question 9

In the figure shown here,the letter W represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the common ancestor for Y and Z 
B)  the common ancestor for U 
C)  the ancestor for Z 
D)  the common ancestor for X and Y 
E)  the common ancestor for X, Y, and Z 
A)  the common ancestor for Y and Z 
B)  the common ancestor for U 
C)  the ancestor for Z 
D)  the common ancestor for X and Y 
E)  the common ancestor for X, Y, and Z

Question 10

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation - natural selection 
B)  geographic isolation - prezygotic reproductive isolation - genetic drift 
C)  geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation 
D)  natural selection - postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation 
E)  natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation - postzygotic reproductive isolation 
A)  postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation - natural selection 
B)  geographic isolation - prezygotic reproductive isolation - genetic drift 
C)  geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation 
D)  natural selection - postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation 
E)  natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation - postzygotic reproductive isolation

Question 12

Shared derived traits

Accepted Answer

A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found in only certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. 
A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found in only certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup.

Question 13

Allopatric speciation is compatible with both the gradualistic and punctuated equilibrium models of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
E)  gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record. 
A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathway. 
E)  gradually, but over very short periods of time, so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

Question 15

Which event was not involved in the Permian mass extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  dramatic environmental change 
B)  shifting of wind patterns 
C)  shifting of ocean currents 
D)  a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat 
E)  a large meteor impact 
A)  dramatic environmental change 
B)  shifting of wind patterns 
C)  shifting of ocean currents 
D)  a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat 
E)  a large meteor impact

Question 16

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA)genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals,such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands,is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility 
A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility

Question 18

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)  A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey. 
B)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation. 
D)  There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree. 
E)  The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are. 
A)  A combination of molecular data, fossil records, and anatomical homologies show the human is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the green monkey. 
B)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey cannot reproduce with each other because of a postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  The chimpanzee and human must have evolved as a result of allopatric speciation. 
D)  There is no single common ancestor to all of the organisms displayed on this phylogenetic tree. 
E)  The gibbon and human are no more closely related than the green monkey and human are.

Question 20

Members of two different species are never capable of mating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

Which of the following would be considered analogous structures?

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

The pollen from a red maple is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple.This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by

The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in Domain Eukarya?

Use of chemical signals in mate recognition is a type of postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Which of the following is not a prezygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location?

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?

In the figure shown here,the letter W represents which of the following?

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation?

Shared derived traits

Allopatric speciation is compatible with both the gradualistic and punctuated equilibrium models of evolution.

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Which event was not involved in the Permian mass extinction?

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA)genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Elaborate courtship behaviors in animals,such as the blue-footed booby of the Galápagos islands,is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Members of two different species are never capable of mating.

Biology: The Science of Life

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Inside the Cell

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Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

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Both Water and Land: Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

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Being Organized and Steady

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Sensory Input and Motor Output

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