Question 1

In the three domain system of classification,

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotes are more similar to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Bacteria than to those now classified into domain Archaea. 
B)  animals and plants are less similar to each other than to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Archaea. 
C)  prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in the domain Bacteria. 
D)  cladistics alone were used to formulate the new phylogenetic tree of life. 
E)  by the principle of parsimony, it required fewer assumptions to divide the prokaryotes into two domains than it did to put them into a single domain. 
A)  eukaryotes are more similar to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Bacteria than to those now classified into domain Archaea. 
B)  animals and plants are less similar to each other than to the prokaryotes now classified into domain Archaea. 
C)  prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in the domain Bacteria. 
D)  cladistics alone were used to formulate the new phylogenetic tree of life. 
E)  by the principle of parsimony, it required fewer assumptions to divide the prokaryotes into two domains than it did to put them into a single domain.

Question 2

The term parsimony implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  the three domain system is superior to the five kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms. 
A)  the three domain system is superior to the five kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms.

Question 3

A reproductive barrier that prevents interbreeding because the two species mate during different times of the year is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility isolation. 
B)  postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  F2 fitness isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation. 
A)  hybrid sterility isolation. 
B)  postzygotic isolating mechanism. 
C)  F2 fitness isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation.

Question 4

All of the following are criteria by which a species may be defined EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to reproduce. 
B)  possession of a shared gene pool. 
C)  ability to hybridize through interbreeding. 
D)  reproductive isolation. 
E)  the ability to produce fertile offspring. 
A)  the ability to reproduce. 
B)  possession of a shared gene pool. 
C)  ability to hybridize through interbreeding. 
D)  reproductive isolation. 
E)  the ability to produce fertile offspring.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee. 
B)  The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin. 
C)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee. 
D)  The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human. 
E)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human. 
A)  The gibbon is more closely related to the rhesus monkey than to the chimpanzee. 
B)  The galago is more closely related to the green monkey than to the capuchin. 
C)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a common ancestor with the gibbon and chimpanzee. 
D)  The gibbon does not share a common ancestor with the chimpanzee or human. 
E)  The green monkey and rhesus monkey share a more recent common ancestor than do the chimpanzee and human.

Question 6

Which geological timescale will contain the greatest number of years?

Accepted Answer

A)  eras 
B)  periods 
C)  epochs 
D)  centuries 
E)  decades 
A)  eras 
B)  periods 
C)  epochs 
D)  centuries 
E)  decades

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about the previous cladogram and the characters used to derive it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three-chambered heart is the most inclusive character on the cladogram. 
B)  The snake and lizard share a common ancestor that does not have the characters internal fertilization or amniotic membrane in egg. 
C)  The character notochord in embryo is shared by the common ancestor to all of the organisms on the cladogram. 
D)  The two organisms furthest from each other on the cladogram share only two common characters. 
E)  The character long cylindrical body is useful in placing the snake and eel into the cladogram. 
A)  Three-chambered heart is the most inclusive character on the cladogram. 
B)  The snake and lizard share a common ancestor that does not have the characters internal fertilization or amniotic membrane in egg. 
C)  The character notochord in embryo is shared by the common ancestor to all of the organisms on the cladogram. 
D)  The two organisms furthest from each other on the cladogram share only two common characters. 
E)  The character long cylindrical body is useful in placing the snake and eel into the cladogram.

Question 8

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene 
A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

Question 9

Shared derived traits are found in all members of the ingroup of a clade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Geographic isolation is not a factor in sympatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered a separate species as defined by the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  the red maple and the sugar maple, which are found throughout large parts of North America, but rarely hybridize 
B)  two populations of fox squirrels, one that lives on a hillside, and one that lives in the river valley 
C)  two populations of North American orioles, one that lives on the east coast, and one that lives on the west coast 
D)  separate populations of bobcats, one that lives on a rocky slope, and one that lives in an upland forest several miles distant 
E)  the Chihuahua and the Siberian husky, two different breeds of dog 
A)  the red maple and the sugar maple, which are found throughout large parts of North America, but rarely hybridize 
B)  two populations of fox squirrels, one that lives on a hillside, and one that lives in the river valley 
C)  two populations of North American orioles, one that lives on the east coast, and one that lives on the west coast 
D)  separate populations of bobcats, one that lives on a rocky slope, and one that lives in an upland forest several miles distant 
E)  the Chihuahua and the Siberian husky, two different breeds of dog

Question 12

In the figure shown here,___ and ___ have a common shared derived trait that is not possessed by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  X; Y; Z 
B)  Y; Z; X 
C)  Y; Z; W 
D)  X; Z; W 
E)  Y; W; Z 
A)  X; Y; Z 
B)  Y; Z; X 
C)  Y; Z; W 
D)  X; Z; W 
E)  Y; W; Z

Question 13

In the figure shown here,which of the following organisms would have the same shared derived trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  W, Y, and Z 
B)  W, X, Y, and Z 
C)  V, W, X, and Y 
D)  X, Y, and Z 
E)  U, V, W, and Z 
A)  W, Y, and Z 
B)  W, X, Y, and Z 
C)  V, W, X, and Y 
D)  X, Y, and Z 
E)  U, V, W, and Z

Question 14

Similarities due to convergent evolution are called

Accepted Answer

A)  analogy. 
B)  homology. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  phylogeny. 
E)  cladistics. 
A)  analogy. 
B)  homology. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  phylogeny. 
E)  cladistics.

Question 15

Which of the three domains contain prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Eukarya 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 
A)  Bacteria 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Eukarya 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 16

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

Accepted Answer

A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  punctuated equilibrium 
A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 17

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 18

The fossils of a new species of reptile are found in deposits dating to the Permian period.Later,scientists discover that fossils of the species changed somewhat over time,and can be found in deposits dating from the Permian period all the way up to the Cretaceous period.The fossils vary from one continent to another,but many seemingly intermediate forms are found,and the fossils are spread over most continents.The scientists' observations most strongly support which evolutionary models?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  punctuated evolution 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation 
E)  gradualistic evolution 
A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  punctuated evolution 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation 
E)  gradualistic evolution

Question 19

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jurassic 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Devonian 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Permian 
A)  Jurassic 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Devonian 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Permian

Question 20

Three species that arose as a result of adaptive radiation are organized on a cladogram.On this cladogram,two of the species would likely share several characters not present in the third.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

In the three domain system of classification,

The term parsimony implies that

A reproductive barrier that prevents interbreeding because the two species mate during different times of the year is called a

All of the following are criteria by which a species may be defined EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true about the phylogenetic tree shown here?

Which geological timescale will contain the greatest number of years?

Which of the following statements is true about the previous cladogram and the characters used to derive it?

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following epochs?

Shared derived traits are found in all members of the ingroup of a clade.

Geographic isolation is not a factor in sympatric speciation.

Which of the following would be considered a separate species as defined by the biological species concept?

In the figure shown here,___ and ___ have a common shared derived trait that is not possessed by ____.

In the figure shown here,which of the following organisms would have the same shared derived trait?

Similarities due to convergent evolution are called

Which of the three domains contain prokaryotic organisms?

Which of the following is not thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred through Earth's history?

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatched numbers of chromosomes.This is an example of

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic?

Three species that arose as a result of adaptive radiation are organized on a cladogram.On this cladogram,two of the species would likely share several characters not present in the third.

Biology: The Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Biology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Genetic Counseling

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

The Microorganisms: Viruses, bacteria, and Protists

Land Environment: Plants and Fungi

Both Water and Land: Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology and Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Human Impact on the Biosphere

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In the figure shown here,_ and _ have a common shared derived trait that is not possessed by ____.