Question 1

The placenta develops from

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal membranes only. 
B)  maternal tissue only. 
C)  both fetal and maternal tissue. 
D)  separate polar bodies that develop just the placental tissues. 
E)  from the yolk sac. 
A)  fetal membranes only. 
B)  maternal tissue only. 
C)  both fetal and maternal tissue. 
D)  separate polar bodies that develop just the placental tissues. 
E)  from the yolk sac. C

Question 2

Another term for programmed cell death is

Accepted Answer

A)  morphogenesis. 
B)  apoptosis. 
C)  pattern formation. 
D)  cellular differentiation. 
E)  mitosis. 
A)  morphogenesis. 
B)  apoptosis. 
C)  pattern formation. 
D)  cellular differentiation. 
E)  mitosis. B

Question 3

Researchers have discovered _____ that determine the pattern of an animal and its individual parts.

Accepted Answer

A)  embryonic signposts 
B)  morphogen genes 
C)  cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D)  induction genes 
E)  fate maps 
A)  embryonic signposts 
B)  morphogen genes 
C)  cytoplasmic segregation routes 
D)  induction genes 
E)  fate maps B

Question 4

______ is the parceling out of maternal determinants as mitosis occurs in embryonic cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Homeostasis 
B)  Induction 
C)  Morphogenesis 
D)  Cytoplasmic segregation 
E)  Aging 
A)  Homeostasis 
B)  Induction 
C)  Morphogenesis 
D)  Cytoplasmic segregation 
E)  Aging

Question 5

Morphogenesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  the total life cycle of any animal. 
B)  a process by which tissues are shaped into organs. 
C)  the mechanism by which gametes are formed. 
D)  a study of the beginning and ending of life. 
E)  the study of aging. 
A)  the total life cycle of any animal. 
B)  a process by which tissues are shaped into organs. 
C)  the mechanism by which gametes are formed. 
D)  a study of the beginning and ending of life. 
E)  the study of aging.

Question 6

How does a sperm penetrate an egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes in the acrosome dissolve the zona pellucida. 
B)  The sperm melts its way inside using the nucleic acids in its DNA. 
C)  The forward pressure of the flagellum forces it through the plasma membrane. 
D)  Spermatids are wedge-shaped and are chemically attracted to the inside cytoplasm of the egg cell. 
E)  The haploid sets of chromosomes match across the membrane and this triggers the membrane to dissolve. 
A)  Enzymes in the acrosome dissolve the zona pellucida. 
B)  The sperm melts its way inside using the nucleic acids in its DNA. 
C)  The forward pressure of the flagellum forces it through the plasma membrane. 
D)  Spermatids are wedge-shaped and are chemically attracted to the inside cytoplasm of the egg cell. 
E)  The haploid sets of chromosomes match across the membrane and this triggers the membrane to dissolve.

Question 7

A homeotic gene codes for a(n)____ protein,a sequence of 60 amino acids,sets of which determine the genes to be turned on during development.

Accepted Answer

A)  induction 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  growth 
D)  regulatory 
E)  homeodomain 
A)  induction 
B)  morphogenesis 
C)  growth 
D)  regulatory 
E)  homeodomain

Question 8

The presence of the same homeotic genes in a wide range of organisms for producing set patterns is an indication that

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution solved certain developmental problems just once. 
B)  all organisms are composed of exactly the same proteins. 
C)  the same homeotic mutations are likely to appear in all organisms. 
D)  essentially we can complete the genome mapping of all animals in a short time. 
E)  structures remain fairly constant, but regulation of animal development varies widely across the kingdom. 
A)  evolution solved certain developmental problems just once. 
B)  all organisms are composed of exactly the same proteins. 
C)  the same homeotic mutations are likely to appear in all organisms. 
D)  essentially we can complete the genome mapping of all animals in a short time. 
E)  structures remain fairly constant, but regulation of animal development varies widely across the kingdom.

Question 9

Which of the following does not occur during the process of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sperm cell releases acrosomal enzymes. 
B)  The sperm cell enters the egg and the nucleus is released. 
C)  The nucleus of the sperm and egg cell fuse. 
D)  The plasma membrane of the sperm head and egg fuse. 
E)  The tail bores a hole in the zona pellucida which the head then penetrates. 
A)  The sperm cell releases acrosomal enzymes. 
B)  The sperm cell enters the egg and the nucleus is released. 
C)  The nucleus of the sperm and egg cell fuse. 
D)  The plasma membrane of the sperm head and egg fuse. 
E)  The tail bores a hole in the zona pellucida which the head then penetrates.

Question 10

Which of the following hormones causes the uterus to contract?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  estrogen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  testosterone 
E)  prolactin 
A)  oxytocin 
B)  estrogen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  testosterone 
E)  prolactin

Question 11

Which of the following serves as an insulator for the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  amniotic fluid 
B)  allantois 
C)  chorion 
D)  primitive streak 
E)  yolk sac 
A)  amniotic fluid 
B)  allantois 
C)  chorion 
D)  primitive streak 
E)  yolk sac

Question 12

After milk production begins,it continues as long as the baby suckles but ends otherwise.This maintenance is provided by nervous stimulation sent to the ____ which eventually causes production of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ovaries; prolactin 
B)  pituitary; prolactin 
C)  hypothalamus; oxytocin 
D)  ovaries; oxytocin 
E)  uterus; estrogen 
A)  ovaries; prolactin 
B)  pituitary; prolactin 
C)  hypothalamus; oxytocin 
D)  ovaries; oxytocin 
E)  uterus; estrogen

Question 13

A failure of the cells in the ectoderm to differentiate correctly would most affect which of the following body systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiovascular system 
B)  urinary system 
C)  digestive system 
D)  urinary system. 
E)  nervous system 
A)  cardiovascular system 
B)  urinary system 
C)  digestive system 
D)  urinary system. 
E)  nervous system

Question 14

Free radicals,unpaired electrons,can cause aging because

Accepted Answer

A)  They collect in the organs and skin forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B)  They bond with molecules that are nearby, like DNA and proteins, causing damage to the molecule. 
C)  Unpaired electrons pair up together and attack DNA. 
D)  Free radicals seek to free other electrons so that all electrons are stripped from DNA. 
E)  They speed up metabolic processes causing the organs to wear out faster. 
A)  They collect in the organs and skin forming large molecules that interfere with organ function. 
B)  They bond with molecules that are nearby, like DNA and proteins, causing damage to the molecule. 
C)  Unpaired electrons pair up together and attack DNA. 
D)  Free radicals seek to free other electrons so that all electrons are stripped from DNA. 
E)  They speed up metabolic processes causing the organs to wear out faster.

Question 15

In order to provide for easier birth,a newborn baby has membranous areas of skull called

Accepted Answer

A)  oval windows. 
B)  bursa. 
C)  sutures. 
D)  septa. 
E)  fontanels. 
A)  oval windows. 
B)  bursa. 
C)  sutures. 
D)  septa. 
E)  fontanels.

Question 16

A pregnancy test is based on the production of ___ by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  FSH; anterior pituitary 
B)  estrogen; ovary 
C)  progesterone; corpus luteum 
D)  hCG; trophoblast 
E)  GnRH; hypothalamus 
A)  FSH; anterior pituitary 
B)  estrogen; ovary 
C)  progesterone; corpus luteum 
D)  hCG; trophoblast 
E)  GnRH; hypothalamus

Question 17

Which part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  archenteron 
B)  blastopore 
C)  chorion 
D)  trophoblast 
E)  inner cell mass 
A)  archenteron 
B)  blastopore 
C)  chorion 
D)  trophoblast 
E)  inner cell mass

Question 18

During gastrulation in vertebrates,the pore created by invagination will become the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  heart. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  anus. 
E)  ear. 
A)  brain. 
B)  heart. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  anus. 
E)  ear.

Question 19

The ______ in fetal circulation allows blood from the right atrium to directly enter the left atrium.

Accepted Answer

A)  umbilical cord 
B)  arterial duct 
C)  foramen ovale 
D)  venous duct 
E)  right ventricle 
A)  umbilical cord 
B)  arterial duct 
C)  foramen ovale 
D)  venous duct 
E)  right ventricle

Question 20

Which of the following is not true about age related issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency so loss of brain function may occur to narrowing of the blood vessels rather than aging. 
B)  With age, some sensory receptors require more stimulation to function at the same level as before. 
C)  Strength in the muscles that control breathing may be lost leading to breathing difficulties. 
D)  Osteoporosis, the loss of bone density, cannot be prevented and all women will suffer from it to some degree. 
E)  All of these are true. 
A)  Neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency so loss of brain function may occur to narrowing of the blood vessels rather than aging. 
B)  With age, some sensory receptors require more stimulation to function at the same level as before. 
C)  Strength in the muscles that control breathing may be lost leading to breathing difficulties. 
D)  Osteoporosis, the loss of bone density, cannot be prevented and all women will suffer from it to some degree. 
E)  All of these are true.

Exam 22: Development and Aging

The placenta develops from

Another term for programmed cell death is

Researchers have discovered _____ that determine the pattern of an animal and its individual parts.

______ is the parceling out of maternal determinants as mitosis occurs in embryonic cells.

Morphogenesis is

How does a sperm penetrate an egg?

A homeotic gene codes for a(n)____ protein,a sequence of 60 amino acids,sets of which determine the genes to be turned on during development.

The presence of the same homeotic genes in a wide range of organisms for producing set patterns is an indication that

Which of the following does not occur during the process of fertilization?

Which of the following hormones causes the uterus to contract?

Which of the following serves as an insulator for the embryo?

After milk production begins,it continues as long as the baby suckles but ends otherwise.This maintenance is provided by nervous stimulation sent to the ____ which eventually causes production of ____.

A failure of the cells in the ectoderm to differentiate correctly would most affect which of the following body systems?

Free radicals,unpaired electrons,can cause aging because

In order to provide for easier birth,a newborn baby has membranous areas of skull called

A pregnancy test is based on the production of ___ by the ____.

Which part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo?

During gastrulation in vertebrates,the pore created by invagination will become the

The ______ in fetal circulation allows blood from the right atrium to directly enter the left atrium.

Which of the following is not true about age related issues?

The Study of Life

The Molecules of Cells

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Cell Division

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Plant Organization

Plant Reproduction and Responses

Human Organization

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive System and Nutrition

Respiratory System

Urinary System and Excretion

Nervous System

Senses

Musculoskeletal System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Patterns of Gene Inheritance

Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

DNA Structure and Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Evolution of Life

Microbiology

Protists and Fungi

Plants

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animals: Chordates and Vertebrates

Behavioral Ecology

Population and Community Ecology

Nature of Ecosystems

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation Biology

Filters

After milk production begins,it continues as long as the baby suckles but ends otherwise.This maintenance is provided by nervous stimulation sent to the which eventually causes production of .

A pregnancy test is based on the production of _ by the __.