Question 1

Which system below develops first in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive 
B)  circulatory 
C)  excretory 
D)  respiratory 
E)  nervous 
A)  reproductive 
B)  circulatory 
C)  excretory 
D)  respiratory 
E)  nervous

Question 2

During the ____ month,the fetal heartbeat is first loud enough to be heard by a physician with a stethoscope.

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  fourth 
D)  sixth 
E)  eighth 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  fourth 
D)  sixth 
E)  eighth

Question 3

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
E)  The cervix does not need to dilate for labor 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
E)  The cervix does not need to dilate for labor

Question 4

What of the following would NOT be a method that would prevent one species' sperm from fertilizing another species' egg?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chemical and other behavioral cues for mating are unlikely to lead to insemination by a male of another species. 
B)  The reactions between the sperm acrosome and the surface of the egg are generally species-specific. 
C)  Any successful fertilization would require a successful match of chromosomes and genes to produce a viable zygote. 
D)  The chemical elements of the layers of the egg match the chemical elements of the sperm acrosome. 
E)  The joining of two differing sets of chromosomes does not provide the proper genetic information for the development of an embryo. 
A)  The chemical and other behavioral cues for mating are unlikely to lead to insemination by a male of another species. 
B)  The reactions between the sperm acrosome and the surface of the egg are generally species-specific. 
C)  Any successful fertilization would require a successful match of chromosomes and genes to produce a viable zygote. 
D)  The chemical elements of the layers of the egg match the chemical elements of the sperm acrosome. 
E)  The joining of two differing sets of chromosomes does not provide the proper genetic information for the development of an embryo.

Question 5

The process in which neighboring cells influence the development of each other,either by direct contact or by production of chemical signals,is

Accepted Answer

A)  neurulation. 
B)  gastrulation. 
C)  induction. 
D)  cytoplasmic segregation. 
E)  homeotic pattern formation. 
A)  neurulation. 
B)  gastrulation. 
C)  induction. 
D)  cytoplasmic segregation. 
E)  homeotic pattern formation.

Question 6

Some of the changes that are attributed to aging are actually brought about by poor health habits.One of these is osteoporosis which could be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate calcium intake and eating a high protein diet 
B)  not smoking cigarettes and an adequate calcium intake 
C)  exercise and a high protein diet 
D)  drinking adequate water and exercise 
E)  a low fat and protein diet 
A)  adequate calcium intake and eating a high protein diet 
B)  not smoking cigarettes and an adequate calcium intake 
C)  exercise and a high protein diet 
D)  drinking adequate water and exercise 
E)  a low fat and protein diet

Question 7

The ______ is a dorsal supporting rod present in the early embryonic development of the vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  neural plate 
B)  neural tube 
C)  notochord 
D)  neurula 
E)  vertebral column 
A)  neural plate 
B)  neural tube 
C)  notochord 
D)  neurula 
E)  vertebral column

Question 8

A fertilized egg undergoes cell division without further growth in the process called

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage. 
B)  gastrulation. 
C)  differentiation. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  embryology. 
A)  cleavage. 
B)  gastrulation. 
C)  differentiation. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  embryology.

Question 9

The cardiovascular and urinary systems form from the _______ layer.

Accepted Answer

A)  endoderm 
B)  ectoderm 
C)  mesoderm 
D)  blastoderm 
E)  gastroderm 
A)  endoderm 
B)  ectoderm 
C)  mesoderm 
D)  blastoderm 
E)  gastroderm

Question 10

Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  oval opening 
B)  venous duct 
C)  arterial duct 
D)  umbilical artery 
E)  umbilical vein 
A)  oval opening 
B)  venous duct 
C)  arterial duct 
D)  umbilical artery 
E)  umbilical vein

Question 11

As aging occurs changes are seen in the function of body systems,among these changes are all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decline in the production of hormones leading to menopause and other changes. 
B)  A decline in the function of the immune system leading to increases in certain diseases, like cancer. 
C)  An increase in cross-links between proteins leading to decreased flexibility. 
D)  An increase in the production of hormones leading to menopause and other changes. 
E)  An increase in the size of the heart muscle. 
A)  A decline in the production of hormones leading to menopause and other changes. 
B)  A decline in the function of the immune system leading to increases in certain diseases, like cancer. 
C)  An increase in cross-links between proteins leading to decreased flexibility. 
D)  An increase in the production of hormones leading to menopause and other changes. 
E)  An increase in the size of the heart muscle.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the process in which cells become specialized in structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A)  development 
B)  pattern formation 
C)  cellular differentiation 
D)  morphogenesis 
E)  embryology 
A)  development 
B)  pattern formation 
C)  cellular differentiation 
D)  morphogenesis 
E)  embryology

Question 13

The allantoic blood vessels

Accepted Answer

A)  are analogous to the umbilical blood vessels in humans. 
B)  are a structure composed of two germ layers. 
C)  lie next to the shell in chicks. 
D)  have the same function in chicks as humans. 
E)  become the chorionic villi. 
A)  are analogous to the umbilical blood vessels in humans. 
B)  are a structure composed of two germ layers. 
C)  lie next to the shell in chicks. 
D)  have the same function in chicks as humans. 
E)  become the chorionic villi.

Question 14

The sac that surrounds the fetus and usually ruptures just before childbirth is the

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrula. 
B)  allantois. 
C)  yolk sac. 
D)  amnion. 
E)  archenteron. 
A)  gastrula. 
B)  allantois. 
C)  yolk sac. 
D)  amnion. 
E)  archenteron.

Question 15

The last tissue layer to be formed during gastrulation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  endoderm. 
B)  ectoderm. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  gastroderm. 
E)  epiderm. 
A)  endoderm. 
B)  ectoderm. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  gastroderm. 
E)  epiderm.

Question 16

Which statement is NOT correct about the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygenated blood flows to the fetus via the umbilical vein. 
B)  Fetal blood flows to the placenta via the umbilical artery. 
C)  Oxygen and nutrients go to the fetus from the maternal circulatory system. 
D)  Maternal and fetal blood mix with each other. 
E)  The placenta produces progesterone and estrogen. 
A)  Oxygenated blood flows to the fetus via the umbilical vein. 
B)  Fetal blood flows to the placenta via the umbilical artery. 
C)  Oxygen and nutrients go to the fetus from the maternal circulatory system. 
D)  Maternal and fetal blood mix with each other. 
E)  The placenta produces progesterone and estrogen.

Question 17

Milk production is triggered in breasts following several days of ____ production by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin; hypothalamus 
B)  prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C)  oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E)  estrogen; ovaries 
A)  prolactin; hypothalamus 
B)  prolactin; anterior pituitary 
C)  oxytocin; hypothalamus 
D)  oxytocin; anterior pituitary 
E)  estrogen; ovaries

Question 18

When a baby is born,what change(s)do NOT need to occur in fetal circulation for it to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oval opening (foramen ovale) must close. 
B)  The arterial duct must close. 
C)  The umbilical arteries and veins close. 
D)  Blood must be able to pass from the right side to the left side. 
E)  Fetal blood must be shunted toward the lungs after tying off the umbilical cord. 
A)  The oval opening (foramen ovale) must close. 
B)  The arterial duct must close. 
C)  The umbilical arteries and veins close. 
D)  Blood must be able to pass from the right side to the left side. 
E)  Fetal blood must be shunted toward the lungs after tying off the umbilical cord.

Question 19

The formation of the lens of the vertebrate eye from a skin layer in contact with an outgrowth of the embryonic brain is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular aggregation. 
B)  induction. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  gastrulation. 
E)  neurulation. 
A)  cellular aggregation. 
B)  induction. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  gastrulation. 
E)  neurulation.

Question 20

Which one of the following is NOT derived from endoderm?

Accepted Answer

A)  gut lining 
B)  hormonal glands 
C)  lungs 
D)  bones 
E)  bladder lining 
A)  gut lining 
B)  hormonal glands 
C)  lungs 
D)  bones 
E)  bladder lining

Exam 22: Development and Aging

Which system below develops first in the embryo?

During the ____ month,the fetal heartbeat is first loud enough to be heard by a physician with a stethoscope.

During which stage of labor will the cervix be dilated?

What of the following would NOT be a method that would prevent one species' sperm from fertilizing another species' egg?

The process in which neighboring cells influence the development of each other,either by direct contact or by production of chemical signals,is

Some of the changes that are attributed to aging are actually brought about by poor health habits.One of these is osteoporosis which could be prevented by

The ______ is a dorsal supporting rod present in the early embryonic development of the vertebrates.

A fertilized egg undergoes cell division without further growth in the process called

The cardiovascular and urinary systems form from the _______ layer.

Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus?

As aging occurs changes are seen in the function of body systems,among these changes are all but which of the following?

Which of the following describes the process in which cells become specialized in structure and function?

The allantoic blood vessels

The sac that surrounds the fetus and usually ruptures just before childbirth is the

The last tissue layer to be formed during gastrulation is the

Which statement is NOT correct about the placenta?

Milk production is triggered in breasts following several days of ____ production by the ____.

When a baby is born,what change(s)do NOT need to occur in fetal circulation for it to survive?

The formation of the lens of the vertebrate eye from a skin layer in contact with an outgrowth of the embryonic brain is an example of

Which one of the following is NOT derived from endoderm?

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