Exam 41: Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

A patient with a 10-year history of chronic bronchitis and an acute viral pneumonia exhibits the following blood gas results breathing room air: pH = 7.22; PCO₂ = 67; HCO₃^- = 26; PO₂ = 60. Which of the following best describes this patient's condition?

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you recommend for a hypoxemic patient with congestive heart failure?

Which of the following are associated with hypercapnic respiratory failure due to decreased ventilatory drive? I.brainstem lesions II.encephalitis III.hypothyroidism IV.asthma

Which of the following clinical signs suggest more severe hypoxemia?

All of the following are associated with hypercapnic respiratory failure due to increased work of breathing except:

Hypoxemia can be caused by which of the following? I.diffusion impairment II.alveolar hypoventilation III. $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch IV.intrapulmonary shunting

What is respiratory failure due to inadequate ventilation?

What is the optimal treatment of intrapulmonary shunt?

Which of the following patients are at greatest risk for developing auto-PEEP during mechanical ventilation?

Ventilatory support may be indicated when the VC falls below what level?

Which of the following measures should be used in assessing the adequacy of a patient's alveolar ventilation? I.PaO₂ II.arterial pH III.PaCO₂

In patients suffering from acute respiratory acidosis, below what pH level are intubation and ventilatory support generally considered?

A patient develops acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to muscle fatigue. Which of the following modes of ventilatory support would you consider for this patient? I.assist-control ventilation with adequate backup II.continuous positive airway pressure III.synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with adequate backup rate IV.bilevel pressure support by mask

All of the following are associated with hypercapnic respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle weakness or fatigue except:

A diagnosis of respiratory failure can be made if which of the following are present? I.PaO₂ 55 mm Hg, FIO₂ 0.21, P_B 760 mm Hg II.PaCO₂ 57 mm Hg, FIO₂ 0.21, P_B 760 mm Hg III.P(A-a)O₂ 45 mm Hg, FIO₂ 1.0, P_B 760 mm Hg IV.PaO₂/FIO₂ 400, P_B 750 mm Hg

Which of the following is false about the "acute-on-chronic" form of respiratory failure?

Which of the following MIP measures taken on an adult patient indicates inadequate respiratory muscle strength?

Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure is a synonym for which one of the following terms?

Which of the following best describes the difference between $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is administered? A.Both will respond equally well. B. $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch will respond well but shunt will not. C. $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond well. D.Neither will respond to the administration of supplemental oxygen.

Common bedside measures used to assess the adequacy of lung expansion include all of the following except: