Question 1

Which of the following is the cardinal sign of increased work of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperventilation 
B) retractions 
C) bradycardia 
D) tachypnea 
A) hyperventilation 
B) retractions 
C) bradycardia 
D) tachypnea

Question 2

What is the normal range of maximum inspiratory pressure, or MIP (also called negative inspiratory force, or NIF), generated by adults?

Accepted Answer

A) -80 to -100 cm H2O 
B) -50 to -80 cm H2O 
C) -30 to -50 cm H2O 
D) -20 to -30 cm H2O 
A) -80 to -100 cm H2O 
B) -50 to -80 cm H2O 
C) -30 to -50 cm H2O 
D) -20 to -30 cm H2O

Question 3

Breathing 100% O2, a patient has a PaO2-PaO2 of 60 mm Hg. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has severe hypoxemia. 
B) The patient has an excessive work of breathing. 
C) The patient has acceptable oxygenation. 
D) The patient has inadequate ventilation. 
A) The patient has severe hypoxemia. 
B) The patient has an excessive work of breathing. 
C) The patient has acceptable oxygenation. 
D) The patient has inadequate ventilation.

Question 4

Strategies to reduce auto-PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients with obstructive lung disease include all of the following except which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Use high inspiratory flows (60 to 100 L/min). 
B) Apply extrinsic PEEP. 
C) Use low VT values (8 to 10 ml/kg). 
D) Use high respiratory rates (greater than 25/min). 
A) Use high inspiratory flows (60 to 100 L/min). 
B) Apply extrinsic PEEP. 
C) Use low VT values (8 to 10 ml/kg). 
D) Use high respiratory rates (greater than 25/min).

Question 5

When is respiratory muscle fatigue likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) when VE exceeds 20% of the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) 
B) when VE exceeds 40% of the MVV 
C) when VE exceeds 60% of the MVV 
D) when VE exceeds 80% of the MVV 
A) when VE exceeds 20% of the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) 
B) when VE exceeds 40% of the MVV 
C) when VE exceeds 60% of the MVV 
D) when VE exceeds 80% of the MVV

Question 6

Which of the following measures taken on adult patients indicate unacceptably high ventilatory demands or work of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) VE of 17 L/min 
B) breathing rate of 22/min 
C) VD/VT of 0.45 
D) MIP of -40 cm H2O 
A) VE of 17 L/min 
B) breathing rate of 22/min 
C) VD/VT of 0.45 
D) MIP of -40 cm H2O

Question 7

You determine that an acutely ill patient can generate an MIP of -18 cm H2O. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has inadequate respiratory muscle strength. 
B) The patient has inadequate alveolar ventilation. 
C) The patient has an excessive work of breathing. 
D) The patient has an unstable or irregular ventilatory drive. 
A) The patient has inadequate respiratory muscle strength. 
B) The patient has inadequate alveolar ventilation. 
C) The patient has an excessive work of breathing. 
D) The patient has an unstable or irregular ventilatory drive.

Question 8

A reversible impairment in the response of an overloaded muscle to neural stimulation best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) central respiratory muscle fatigue 
B) transmission respiratory muscle fatigue 
C) contractile respiratory muscle fatigue 
D) chronic respiratory muscle fatigue 
A) central respiratory muscle fatigue 
B) transmission respiratory muscle fatigue 
C) contractile respiratory muscle fatigue 
D) chronic respiratory muscle fatigue

Question 9

What happens to the P(A-a)O2 with $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt?

Accepted Answer

A) increases with $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and decreases with shunt 
B) decreases with both $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt 
C) increases with both $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt 
D) it does not change 
A) increases with $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and decreases with shunt 
B) decreases with both $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt 
C) increases with both $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt 
D) it does not change

Question 10

Inadequate respiratory muscle strength is likely when a patient's MVV is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) >3 times the resting VE 
C) 120 L/min 
A) E 
B) >3 times the resting VE 
C) 120 L/min

Exam 41: Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Which of the following is the cardinal sign of increased work of breathing?

What is the normal range of maximum inspiratory pressure, or MIP (also called negative inspiratory force, or NIF), generated by adults?

Breathing 100% O2, a patient has a PaO2-PaO2 of 60 mm Hg. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

Strategies to reduce auto-PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients with obstructive lung disease include all of the following except which one?

When is respiratory muscle fatigue likely to occur?

Which of the following measures taken on adult patients indicate unacceptably high ventilatory demands or work of breathing?

You determine that an acutely ill patient can generate an MIP of -18 cm H2O. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

A reversible impairment in the response of an overloaded muscle to neural stimulation best describes which of the following?

What happens to the P(A-a)O2 with V˙/Q˙\dot { V } / \dot { Q }V˙/Q˙​ mismatch and shunt?

Inadequate respiratory muscle strength is likely when a patient's MVV is which of the following?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Breathing 100% O₂, a patient has a PaO₂-PaO₂ of 60 mm Hg. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

You determine that an acutely ill patient can generate an MIP of -18 cm H₂O. Based on this information, what might you conclude?

What happens to the P(A-a)O₂ with $\dot { V } / \dot { Q }$ mismatch and shunt?