Exam 8: Theories of Social Process and Social Development

The _________ deviant category in Becker's typology demonstrates the power of social definition by the lack of consequences attached to the offense.

Positive turning points can reform chronic offenders.

An offender goes through a court-ordered rehabilitation program and does not recidivate. This is an example of

How does differential identification theory explain criminal behavior? How does this theory differ from Sutherland's differential association theory?

__________ theory focuses on the strength of the bond people share with individuals and institutions around them.

According to Erving Goffman, __________ individuals differ from normals in the way that society responds to them.

Social process theories are also known as __________ perspectives.

Social development theories tend to combine various points of view, so they are frequently ______ theories.

Social process theories assume that everyone has the potential to violate the law.

Differential identification theory states that a role model must be an actual person.

Walter Reckless considers __________ containment to be far more effective in preventing crime.

Rather than focusing on factors which cause criminal behavior, __________ theories examine factors that keep people from committing crimes.

A college student who is expecting to graduate at the end of the semester considers shoplifting some textbooks from the bookstore, to save the cost of buying them. She decides against it because the possibility of being expelled from the university a few months before graduation outweighs the possible gains of saving some extra money. This is an example of the _______ component of the social bond.

According to Edwin Lemert, i f an offender is arrested for an act of primary deviance and tagged with the status of a criminal, __________ may occur as a means of adjustment to the negative status.

Children who do not develop adequate verbal coping skills are more likely to commit aggressive acts.

The ____________ program, operated by Boys and Girls Clubs of America, focuses on providing positive alternatives to gangs for vulnerable youth.

Which of the following is typical of a life course persistent offender?

__________ theory has been criticized for a lack of firm empirical support.

According to labeling theory, no act is intrinsically deviant.