Exam 3: Concepts of Hazard Avoidance

The "Ten-Point Scale for Classification of Hazards" was generated by OSHA to clarify legal definitions of "imminent danger," "serious violations," etc.

Explain the purpose of the "hazards classification scale" as explained in the text.

A proposed engineering control is expected to cut the accident rate in half for a given process. Cost data for accidents with this process have been estimated by auditors as follows (average cost per accident): Calculate the total annual accident cost reduction benefit expected for this proposed engineering control.

Which of the following is said to "deal with absolutes?"

Explain why the enforcement approach is difficult to apply to the problem of controlling hazards.

Complete the diagram by drawing in the appropriate logic symbol in the space provided.

Explain the difference between the concepts of "potential for injury" and "frequency of access" as used by the British Standard Code of Practise for Safety of Machinery.

What is the advantage of safety from the ground up?

Demonstrate your knowledge of fault-tree construction by drawing an example diagram,labeling event causes and results for a familiar accident.You may use one of the examples used in the book or devise a simple example of your own,using commonly understood causes to demonstrate your knowledge of the logical relationships.

OSHA has proposed a "Ten-Point Scale for Classification of Hazards."

Name at least two of the four prominent examples of epidemiological studies of occupational diseases:

FMEA is classified as belonging to which of the following approaches to hazard avoidance?

Which one of the analytical methods for hazard analysis and avoidance has difficulty dealing with "maybe" situations?

Murphy's Law is addressed by which of the following approaches to hazard avoidance?

The Risk Assessment Code (RAC)used by the U.S.Air Force identifies five different levels of risk.Name these five levels:

A certain type of injury has tangible costs of $40,000 per occurrence and intangible costs of $150,000 per occurrence.Injury frequency is .05 per year but would be reducible to .01 per year with the installation of a new guarding system.Calculate the annual benefit the new system provide.

Can a risk of fatality ever be considered "moderate?" Explain your reasoning.

A hazard must be in the highest categories of both "mishap severity" and "mishap probability" to be identified as a RAC "code 1-imminent danger."

Explain the term "epidemiology" as it relates to the field of occupational safety and health.Name two workplace hazards that have been identified by this method.

A proposed engineering improvement to a process is expected to reduce accidents by a significant amount.The engineering improvement will represent an annual process cost of $5000,including interest and amortization of the original investment.The average direct Workers Compensation costs attributable to the type of accident that would be prevented is approximately $4000 per accident.Perform a cost benefit analysis to determine how much improvement in accident prevention would be necessary to justify this engineering improvement.Justify your analysis by stating any reasonable assumptions that are necessary.