Exam 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology

Police interrogators often assume that persons brought in for questioning have important knowledge about the crime in question. If this leads an interrogator to ask questions that assume the guilt of a particular individual rather than asking questions that would exonerate him or her, ________ may occur.

Residents of a small town on the gulf coast of Florida reported numerous UFO sightings. Military personnel eventually disclosed that they had been running tests on a new missile over the open waters, which would account for the strange lights the local people were witnessing. Which critical-thinking principle does this example best demonstrate?

A key aspect of scientific scepticism is

Luis' tendency to believe that he sees the world correctly is called

An important point from the authors' discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudoscience is that

In the natural world, there often are many different factors associated with the occurrence of a particular outcome. Therefore, it is important that we as critical thinkers ________ whenever possible.

Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate of other machines. When Curtis questioned such a claim with the manufacturer, the customer service representative stated this was a new system and previous research on weight loss was not applicable. This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?

Which of the following logical fallacies is like a self-serving bias because we assume they apply to other people's information processing more often than our own?

Michelle constantly tells her boyfriend Niccolai that he doesn't pay attention to her, and that this is why she tends to nag him to pay attention. Her repeated criticisms cause Niccolai to tune her out, which causes her to nag him even more. This bidirectional pattern of influence is what Albert Bandura would have called

Before one's research is published in a scientific journal, it must be evaluated in terms of its accuracy and contribution to the field. This evaluation is referred to as ________.

Steve and Julie have purchased a programme that promises to drastically improve marital relationships in just two weeks. Although the programme has not been tested scientifically, they were impressed by the use of scientific phrasing such as "co-dependency", "holistic healing", and "subjective well-being". This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?

What early American psychologist yearned to create a periodic table of the elements of consciousness?

According to the authors, much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources

Suppose that a therapist notices several clients with anxiety disorders also demonstrate symptoms consistent with major depressive disorder. Why should she be cautious in making the assumption that experiencing an anxiety disorder causes one to experience major depressive disorder?

B.F. Skinner is most associated with which perspective?

A psychologist is often sceptical of claims suggesting that

A classmate tells you the following: "It's not how a teacher answers your question that matters but how you interpret his or her attempt at answering your question that leaves you satisfied or unsatisfied with his or her answer." This statement fits most closely with ideas from the school of thought known as

In the APS-adopted scientist-practitioner model, education for professional practice requires a thorough knowledge of the core ________, ________ and ________ ________ that constitute the science of psychology.

When most people in the community think about psychology, their definitions of the work undertaken by psychologists is most consistent with the role performed by

Introspection requires