Exam 17: Science,the Environment,and Society

Along with most ancient Greek philosophers,Ptolemy believed that the earth was at the center of the universe.Against this ancient and long-lasting tradition,Copernicus asserted the notion that the sun was at the center of the solar system.Thomas Kuhn would call this an example of:

Vandana Shiva agrees that the green revolution has increased agricultural output and household incomes,but she is concerned about the:

The Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program (later CIMMYT,the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)was established in 1945 to:

Since the late 1990s,a large portion of Asia has been:

In the Dover,Pennsylvania,school district,what theory was presented as an alternative to Darwin's theory of natural selection?

If a sociologist is trying to determine why poverty rates are higher in the inner city,he or she might look at the lack of jobs in the area.If a psychologist is looking at the same thing,he or she may look more at levels of depression in the residents of an inner city.This difference is often called:

The Matthew effect is essentially like:

Al Gore's film An Inconvenient Truth documented the effect of ________ on climate temperature.

Very few scientists disagree with:

Ingo Potrykus's genetically modified golden rice,bolstered with vitamin A,may prevent health problems for millions of poor children.Nonetheless,this rice is considered controversial.In what ways does,or might,the invention of golden rice illustrate the sociological paradox of this chapter: Society invents technologies to minimize dangers from nature,but those same inventions create new risks that need to be managed? Describe how golden rice is designed to solve a problem.Describe how it could create new risks.

Farmers who are thinking about future generations have committed to several issues.Which of the following is one of the issues mentioned in your text?

One of the concerns with the Human Genome Project is that once your genetic structure is known:

According to the controversial twin study,there is a genetic link to:

According to scientists,what is the number-one contributor to rising global temperatures?

With use of a specific example from the Chapteror from the real world,explain this sociological paradox: Society invents technologies to minimize dangers from nature,but those same inventions create new risks that need to be managed.

The green revolution has made it expensive for individual farms to survive on their own,so new collectives and cooperatives have emerged to bring together household farmers.Émile Durkheim might call this a type of:

In Ulrich Beck's description of risk society,a tornado is an example of what type of risk?

James Paris and Emily Hoffman work together to develop new knowledge in physics.Hoffman is a well-established scholar with a strong reputation,and Paris is a little-known scholar.Over time,their physics discovery becomes known as the Hoffman Arc.Paris's contribution goes unacknowledged.This dynamic is common,and sociologists call it:

Although the BRCA1 gene mutation is a genetic marker that predicts cancer now,it may not be a marker that predicts cancer in the future.Using your sociological imagination,explain why BRCA1 may not predict breast cancer in the future.

A hypothetical nation decides to make population policy based on the fictional film Gattaca.After watching this film,policy makers would most likely decide to: