Question 1

Explain the Fourteenth Amendment and how it was received throughout the country.

Accepted Answer

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and it has been one of the most significant amendments in American history. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, and it has had a profound impact on civil rights and legal protections for all Americans.

The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and it prohibited states from denying any person "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or denying any person "equal protection of the laws." This amendment was a direct response to the injustices and discrimination faced by African Americans and other marginalized groups in the aftermath of the Civil War.

Throughout the country, the reception of the Fourteenth Amendment was mixed. While it was celebrated as a major step forward in ensuring equal rights and protections for all citizens, it also faced significant opposition from those who sought to maintain the status quo of racial inequality. Southern states, in particular, resisted the implementation of the Fourteenth Amendment and continued to enact discriminatory laws and practices.

Over time, the Fourteenth Amendment has been the basis for numerous landmark Supreme Court decisions that have expanded civil rights and liberties for all Americans. It has been used to challenge segregation, discrimination, and unequal treatment under the law, and it continues to be a cornerstone of the fight for equality and justice in the United States. Despite ongoing challenges and resistance, the Fourteenth Amendment remains a crucial tool in the ongoing struggle for civil rights and equal protection for all.

Question 2

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

Accepted Answer

A)  generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites 
B)  resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government 
C)  enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery 
D)  helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government 
E)  led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature 
A)  generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites 
B)  resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government 
C)  enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery 
D)  helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government 
E)  led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature E

Question 3

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slavery became legal once more. 
B)  The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed. 
C)  The Democratic party ceased to function. 
D)  President Johnson was removed from office. 
E)  Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies. 
A)  Slavery became legal once more. 
B)  The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed. 
C)  The Democratic party ceased to function. 
D)  President Johnson was removed from office. 
E)  Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies. E

Question 4

Why did Radical Republicans want to disenfranchise former Confederates?

Accepted Answer

A)  To make the South a northern colony 
B)  To ensure the South would never rejoin the Union 
C)  To keep former Confederates from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power 
D)  To facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks 
E)  To anger President Lincoln 
A)  To make the South a northern colony 
B)  To ensure the South would never rejoin the Union 
C)  To keep former Confederates from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power 
D)  To facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks 
E)  To anger President Lincoln

Question 5

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to discredit political opponents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstructio

Question 7

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was

Accepted Answer

A)  Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination 
B)  Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier 
C)  a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy 
D)  Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency 
E)  the House's impeachment of Johnson 
A)  Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination 
B)  Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier 
C)  a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy 
D)  Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency 
E)  the House's impeachment of Johnson

Question 8

The Compromise of 1877:

Accepted Answer

A)  gave the White House to Tilden 
B)  ended the North-South division 
C)  protected the civil rights of ex-slaves 
D)  ended Reconstruction 
E)  kept federal troops in the Deep South 
A)  gave the White House to Tilden 
B)  ended the North-South division 
C)  protected the civil rights of ex-slaves 
D)  ended Reconstruction 
E)  kept federal troops in the Deep South

Question 9

Why did congressional Republicans write the Wade-Davis Manifesto?

Accepted Answer

A)  to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies 
B)  to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen 
C)  to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority 
D)  to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union 
E)  to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War 
A)  to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies 
B)  to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen 
C)  to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority 
D)  to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union 
E)  to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War

Question 10

The main purpose of the Union League was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  organize groups of Republicans in the South 
B)  terrorize ex-Confederates 
C)  acquire land for Union veterans 
D)  defy Radical Reconstruction 
E)  organize black laborers for higher wages 
A)  organize groups of Republicans in the South 
B)  terrorize ex-Confederates 
C)  acquire land for Union veterans 
D)  defy Radical Reconstruction 
E)  organize black laborers for higher wages

Question 11

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded:

Accepted Answer

A)  everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000 
B)  the freedmen 
C)  the small farmers 
D)  the British 
E)  northern industrialists 
A)  everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000 
B)  the freedmen 
C)  the small farmers 
D)  the British 
E)  northern industrialists

Question 12

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

Accepted Answer

A)  no candidate had an Electoral College majority 
B)  Hayes led Tilden in popular votes 
C)  it was clear that a clean election had occurred 
D)  the Democrats immediately conceded defeat 
E)  the Supreme Court ordered a new election 
A)  no candidate had an Electoral College majority 
B)  Hayes led Tilden in popular votes 
C)  it was clear that a clean election had occurred 
D)  the Democrats immediately conceded defeat 
E)  the Supreme Court ordered a new election

Question 13

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Accepted Answer

Major problems facing the nation in Apri

Question 14

Why was Johnson picked as Lincoln's running mate in 1864?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were both lifelong Republicans. 
B)  They held identical political positions. 
C)  They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union. 
D)  As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket. 
E)  Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government. 
A)  They were both lifelong Republicans. 
B)  They held identical political positions. 
C)  They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union. 
D)  As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket. 
E)  Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.

Question 15

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
-Hiram Revels

Accepted Answer

A) was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana 
B) was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican 
C) asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women 
D) was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867 
E) was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar 
A) was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana 
B) was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican 
C) asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women 
D) was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867 
E) was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 16

On what issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree during the 1876 campaign?

Accepted Answer

A)  keeping federal troops stationed in the South 
B)  allowing states the right to secede 
C)  protecting black civil rights as a top priority 
D)  relaxing federal authority in the South 
E)  supporting universal female suffrage 
A)  keeping federal troops stationed in the South 
B)  allowing states the right to secede 
C)  protecting black civil rights as a top priority 
D)  relaxing federal authority in the South 
E)  supporting universal female suffrage

Question 17

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

Accepted Answer

A)  It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region. 
B)  It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray. 
C)  It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production. 
D)  It eliminated racial prejudice in many states. 
E)  It encouraged reconciliation with the North. 
A)  It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region. 
B)  It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray. 
C)  It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production. 
D)  It eliminated racial prejudice in many states. 
E)  It encouraged reconciliation with the North.

Question 19

The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During Reconstruction, African Americans :

Accepted Answer

A)  passively awaited developments 
B)  attempted to establish schools 
C)  normally joined integrated churches 
D)  terrorized their former masters 
E)  refused to work for wages 
A)  passively awaited developments 
B)  attempted to establish schools 
C)  normally joined integrated churches 
D)  terrorized their former masters 
E)  refused to work for wages

Exam 16: The Era of Reconstruction 1865-1877

Explain the Fourteenth Amendment and how it was received throughout the country.

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

Why did Radical Republicans want to disenfranchise former Confederates?

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to discredit political opponents.

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was

The Compromise of 1877:

Why did congressional Republicans write the Wade-Davis Manifesto?

The main purpose of the Union League was to:

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded:

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Why was Johnson picked as Lincoln's running mate in 1864?

MATCHING Match each description with the item below. -Hiram Revels

On what issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree during the 1876 campaign?

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

During Reconstruction, African Americans :

The Collision of Cultures

England’s Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

The American Revolution, 1776-1783

Strengthening the New Nation

The Early Republic, 1800-1815

The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828

The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840

The South, Slavery, and King Cotton, 1800-1860

Religion, Romanticism, and Reform, 1800-1860

Western Expansion, 1830-1848

The Gathering Storm, 1848-1860

The War of the Union, 1861-1865

Business and Labor in the Industrial Era, 1860-1900

The New South and the New West, 1865-1900

Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt, 1865-1900

Seizing an American Empire, 1865-1913

The Progressive Era, 1890-1920

America and the Great War, 1914-1920

A Clash of Cultures, 1920-1929

The Reactionary Twenties

The Great Depression, 1929-1939

The Second World War, 1933-1945

The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945-1952

Cold War America, 1950-1959

A New Frontier and a Great Society, 1960-1968

Rebellion and Reaction, 1960s and 1970s

Conservative Revival, 1977-1990

Twenty-first-century America, 1993-present

Filters