Question 1

Compare and contrast Cannon's fight-or-flight response with Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Cannon's fight-or-flight response and Selye's general adaptation syndrome are both theories that explain how the body responds to stress, but they have some key differences.

Cannon's fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. This response is characterized by the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones, which prepare the body to either fight the stressor or flee from it. The key components of this response include increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness. This response is immediate and short-lived, designed to help the body deal with acute stressors.

On the other hand, Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is a three-stage model that describes the body's response to stress over time. The first stage is the alarm reaction, which is similar to Cannon's fight-or-flight response and involves the immediate activation of the body's stress response system. The second stage is the resistance stage, during which the body attempts to cope with the ongoing stressor. If the stressor persists, the body may eventually enter the third stage, known as the exhaustion stage, where the body's resources become depleted and it becomes more susceptible to illness and disease.

In summary, while both Cannon's fight-or-flight response and Selye's general adaptation syndrome describe the body's response to stress, Cannon's theory focuses on the immediate physiological response to acute stress, while Selye's theory describes the body's response to prolonged or chronic stress over time.

Question 2

Cohen and his colleagues concluded that children who live in noisy environments may

Accepted Answer

A)  develop generalized cognitive deficits. 
B)  increase their ability to distinguish sounds. 
C)  suffer physiologically but not cognitive deficits. 
D)  learn to ignore relevant information. 
A)  develop generalized cognitive deficits. 
B)  increase their ability to distinguish sounds. 
C)  suffer physiologically but not cognitive deficits. 
D)  learn to ignore relevant information. A

Question 3

Discuss the relationship between primary and secondary appraisal.

Accepted Answer

Primary and secondary appraisal are two key components of the cognitive appraisal theory, which is a framework for understanding how individuals perceive and respond to stress.

Primary appraisal involves the initial evaluation of a situation to determine whether it is a threat, a challenge, or a potential benefit. This appraisal is based on the individual's perception of the significance of the situation and their ability to cope with it. If the situation is perceived as a threat, it can lead to feelings of fear, anxiety, or helplessness. If it is perceived as a challenge, it can lead to feelings of motivation and determination. And if it is perceived as a potential benefit, it can lead to feelings of excitement and opportunity.

Secondary appraisal, on the other hand, involves the evaluation of the individual's coping resources and options for dealing with the situation. This appraisal is based on the individual's assessment of their ability to control or influence the situation, as well as their confidence in their coping skills. It also involves evaluating the potential outcomes of different coping strategies and their potential effectiveness.

The relationship between primary and secondary appraisal is that they are interconnected and influence each other. The initial primary appraisal of a situation can influence the secondary appraisal by shaping the individual's perception of their coping resources and options. For example, if a situation is perceived as a threat in the primary appraisal, the individual may feel that their coping resources are limited and their options for dealing with the situation are constrained. This can lead to a more negative secondary appraisal, with the individual feeling less confident in their ability to cope effectively.

Conversely, the secondary appraisal can also influence the primary appraisal by shaping the individual's perception of the situation itself. If the individual feels confident in their coping resources and options, they may be more likely to perceive the situation as a challenge rather than a threat, leading to a more positive primary appraisal.

In summary, the relationship between primary and secondary appraisal is that they work together to shape the individual's perception of a stressful situation and their emotional and behavioral responses to it. The way a situation is initially appraised can influence the individual's assessment of their coping resources and options, and vice versa. Understanding this relationship can help individuals better manage and cope with stress in their lives.

Question 4

Hiro has been accepted to medical school, which he sees as a real opportunity to use his knowledge in biology and his skills with people.This
Situation represents the concept of _____ in the cognitive appraisal process.

Accepted Answer

A) threat 
B)  harm-loss 
C)  challenge 
D)  transaction 
A) threat 
B)  harm-loss 
C)  challenge 
D)  transaction

Question 5

Subjects' scores on the SRRS and illness do not correlate very highly.The best explanation for this finding is

Accepted Answer

A)  stress and illness actually are unrelated. 
B)  some of the questions on the SRRS are vaguely worded. 
C)  illness may occur for many reasons other than stress. 
D)  both b and c 
A)  stress and illness actually are unrelated. 
B)  some of the questions on the SRRS are vaguely worded. 
C)  illness may occur for many reasons other than stress. 
D)  both b and c

Question 6

Which general adaptation syndrome stage is most like the fight?or?flight response?

Accepted Answer

A)  alarm 
B)  secondary appraisal 
C)  exhaustion 
D)  adaptation 
A)  alarm 
B)  secondary appraisal 
C)  exhaustion 
D)  adaptation

Question 7

Which statement regarding stress and cognition is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitions can affect the experience of stress. 
B) Thinking about the stressful incident constantly reduces the stress. 
C) Stress can affect cognitions. 
D) Chronic stress can result from cognitive processes. 
A) Cognitions can affect the experience of stress. 
B) Thinking about the stressful incident constantly reduces the stress. 
C) Stress can affect cognitions. 
D) Chronic stress can result from cognitive processes.

Question 8

Research suggests that Canada's Aboriginal peoples show lower life expectancies compared to other Canadians, in addition to

Accepted Answer

A)  higher rates of substance use. 
B)  higher rates of diabetes. 
C)  higher rates of major depression. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  higher rates of substance use. 
B)  higher rates of diabetes. 
C)  higher rates of major depression. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

Research has found that retirement is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) loss of identity. 
B) higher spousal stress. 
C) expectations of freedom and leisure 
D) all of the above 
A) loss of identity. 
B) higher spousal stress. 
C) expectations of freedom and leisure 
D) all of the above

Question 10

The assessment of our resources available for coping with an event is
called primary appraisal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Walter Cannon proposed that the fight?or?flight response

Accepted Answer

A)  is related to epinephrine secretion. 
B)  is preparatory in nature. 
C)  may be harmful if prolonged. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is related to epinephrine secretion. 
B)  is preparatory in nature. 
C)  may be harmful if prolonged. 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the general adaptation syndrome is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It includes the role of psychosocial factors. 
B)  It assumes that all stressors produce the same physiological reactions. 
C)  It largely ignores biological responses to stress. 
D)  It assumes that children do not go through the same stages as adults. 
A)  It includes the role of psychosocial factors. 
B)  It assumes that all stressors produce the same physiological reactions. 
C)  It largely ignores biological responses to stress. 
D)  It assumes that children do not go through the same stages as adults.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cognitive appraisal and stress is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary and secondary appraisals are highly interrelated. 
B)  Secondary appraisal doesn't always follow primary appraisal in time. 
C)  Stress cannot be experienced unless cognitive appraisal occurs. 
D)  Stress conditions often depend upon the outcome of our appraisals. 
A)  Primary and secondary appraisals are highly interrelated. 
B)  Secondary appraisal doesn't always follow primary appraisal in time. 
C)  Stress cannot be experienced unless cognitive appraisal occurs. 
D)  Stress conditions often depend upon the outcome of our appraisals.

Question 14

Match the following people with the descriptions in one through
-Related illness to social readjustment.

Accepted Answer

A) Walter Cannon 
B) Hans Selye 
C) Holmes and Rahe 
D) Marianne Frankenhaeuser 
E) Richard Lazarus 
A) Walter Cannon 
B) Hans Selye 
C) Holmes and Rahe 
D) Marianne Frankenhaeuser 
E) Richard Lazarus

Question 15

In his new job, Harold has been given very unclear guidelines about his responsibilities.The stress he feels is probably related to

Accepted Answer

A)  low controllability. 
B)  secondary appraisal. 
C)  situation ambiguity. 
D)  social readjustment. 
A)  low controllability. 
B)  secondary appraisal. 
C)  situation ambiguity. 
D)  social readjustment.

Question 16

Two babies, one 2 months old and the other 19 months old, are stung by bees.The older baby's emotional response is likely to be _____ whereas the
Younger baby is likely to show _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  distress; anger 
B)  distress; distress 
C)  anger; anger 
D)  anger; distress 
A)  distress; anger 
B)  distress; distress 
C)  anger; anger 
D)  anger; distress

Question 17

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stress is an uncommon experience. 
B)  Stress may be only a mild condition. 
C)  All individuals experience stress equally. 
D)  Stress is always of short duration. 
A)  Stress is an uncommon experience. 
B)  Stress may be only a mild condition. 
C)  All individuals experience stress equally. 
D)  Stress is always of short duration.

Question 18

Selye called the series of physiological reactions the body makes under long?lasting stress (the) _____ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  fight?or?flight 
B)  secondary appraisal 
C)  general adaptation 
D)  alarm 
A)  fight?or?flight 
B)  secondary appraisal 
C)  general adaptation 
D)  alarm

Question 19

Kevin was one of the few survivors of Hurricane Katrina in his New Orleans neighbourhood.Since the hurricane he has had difficulty sleeping, gets extremely
Anxious when hurricane warnings are issued and keeps reliving memories of his escape during
Katrina.Kevin is likely to be suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  a malfunctioning hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis. 
B)  harm ambiguity. 
C)  a disease of adaptation. 
D)  posttraumatic stress disorder. 
A)  a malfunctioning hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis. 
B)  harm ambiguity. 
C)  a disease of adaptation. 
D)  posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 20

The most frequent daily hassles found by Lazarus and his coworkers included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  rising prices. 
B)  home maintenance. 
C)  too many things to do. 
D)  getting a task completed. 
A)  rising prices. 
B)  home maintenance. 
C)  too many things to do. 
D)  getting a task completed.

Compare and contrast Cannon's fight-or-flight response with Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

Cohen and his colleagues concluded that children who live in noisy environments may

Discuss the relationship between primary and secondary appraisal.

Hiro has been accepted to medical school, which he sees as a real opportunity to use his knowledge in biology and his skills with people.This Situation represents the concept of _____ in the cognitive appraisal process.

Subjects' scores on the SRRS and illness do not correlate very highly.The best explanation for this finding is

Which general adaptation syndrome stage is most like the fight?or?flight response?

Which statement regarding stress and cognition is NOT true?

Research suggests that Canada's Aboriginal peoples show lower life expectancies compared to other Canadians, in addition to

Research has found that retirement is associated with

The assessment of our resources available for coping with an event is called primary appraisal.

Walter Cannon proposed that the fight?or?flight response

Which of the following statements about the general adaptation syndrome is correct?

Which of the following statements about cognitive appraisal and stress is NOT true?

Match the following people with the descriptions in one through -Related illness to social readjustment.

In his new job, Harold has been given very unclear guidelines about his responsibilities.The stress he feels is probably related to

Two babies, one 2 months old and the other 19 months old, are stung by bees.The older baby's emotional response is likely to be _ whereas the Younger baby is likely to show _.

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

Selye called the series of physiological reactions the body makes under long?lasting stress (the) _____ syndrome.

Kevin was one of the few survivors of Hurricane Katrina in his New Orleans neighbourhood.Since the hurricane he has had difficulty sleeping, gets extremely Anxious when hurricane warnings are issued and keeps reliving memories of his escape during Katrina.Kevin is likely to be suffering from

The most frequent daily hassles found by Lazarus and his coworkers included all of the following except

An Overview of Psychology and Health

The Bodys Physical Systems

Stress, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Illness

Coping With and Reducing Stress

Health-Related Beahviour and Health Promotion

Reducing Substance and Abuse

Improving Nutrition, Weight Control and Diet, Exercise and Safety

Using Health Services

In the Hosital: the Setting, Procedures and Effects on Patients

The Nature and Symptoms of Pain

Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain

Serious and Disabling Chronic Health Illnesses: Causes, Management, and Coping

Heart Disease, Stroke, Cancer, and Aids:

Whats Ahead for Health Psychology

Filters

Exam 3: Stress: Its Meaning, Impact and Sources

Compare and contrast Cannon's fight-or-flight response with Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

Cohen and his colleagues concluded that children who live in noisy environments may

Discuss the relationship between primary and secondary appraisal.

Hiro has been accepted to medical school, which he sees as a real opportunity to use his knowledge in biology and his skills with people.This Situation represents the concept of _____ in the cognitive appraisal process.

Subjects' scores on the SRRS and illness do not correlate very highly.The best explanation for this finding is

Which general adaptation syndrome stage is most like the fight?or?flight response?

Which statement regarding stress and cognition is NOT true?

Research suggests that Canada's Aboriginal peoples show lower life expectancies compared to other Canadians, in addition to

Research has found that retirement is associated with

The assessment of our resources available for coping with an event is called primary appraisal.

Walter Cannon proposed that the fight?or?flight response

Which of the following statements about the general adaptation syndrome is correct?

Which of the following statements about cognitive appraisal and stress is NOT true?

Match the following people with the descriptions in one through -Related illness to social readjustment.

In his new job, Harold has been given very unclear guidelines about his responsibilities.The stress he feels is probably related to

Two babies, one 2 months old and the other 19 months old, are stung by bees.The older baby's emotional response is likely to be _____ whereas the Younger baby is likely to show _____.

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

Selye called the series of physiological reactions the body makes under long?lasting stress (the) _____ syndrome.

Kevin was one of the few survivors of Hurricane Katrina in his New Orleans neighbourhood.Since the hurricane he has had difficulty sleeping, gets extremely Anxious when hurricane warnings are issued and keeps reliving memories of his escape during Katrina.Kevin is likely to be suffering from

The most frequent daily hassles found by Lazarus and his coworkers included all of the following except

An Overview of Psychology and Health

The Bodys Physical Systems

Stress, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Illness

Coping With and Reducing Stress

Health-Related Beahviour and Health Promotion

Reducing Substance and Abuse

Improving Nutrition, Weight Control and Diet, Exercise and Safety

Using Health Services

In the Hosital: the Setting, Procedures and Effects on Patients

The Nature and Symptoms of Pain

Managing and Controlling Clinical Pain

Serious and Disabling Chronic Health Illnesses: Causes, Management, and Coping

Heart Disease, Stroke, Cancer, and Aids:

Whats Ahead for Health Psychology

Filters

Two babies, one 2 months old and the other 19 months old, are stung by bees.The older baby's emotional response is likely to be _ whereas the Younger baby is likely to show _.