Exam 19: Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Before attaching a transcutaneous blood gas monitor sensor to a patient, what should you do? 1) Provide a specified warm-up time and set the probe temperature. 2) Check the membrane and prepare a sensor with an adhesive ring and gel. 3) Prepare the monitoring site (remove excess hair and clean the skin).

A patient being monitored by capnography exhibits a sudden rise in end-tidal CO₂ levels. Which of the following are possible causes? 1) Sudden release of a tourniquet 2) Massive pulmonary embolism 3) Sudden increase in cardiac output 4) Injection of NaHCO₃

Oximetry is the measurement of blood hemoglobin saturations using what technique?

To assess gas exchange at the tissues, you would obtain a blood sample from which of the following?

Which of the following factors contributing to imprecision (random) errors during blood gas analysis?

What is the normal range for end-tidal CO₂ as measured by capnography?

What is a normal level for CaO₂?

An outpatient scheduled for an arterial blood sample enters the pulmonary lab 20 min late and out of breath, having run up four flights of stairs. What should you do?

You are asked to provide continuous monitoring of the FiO₂ provided by a humidified O₂ delivery system using a galvanic cell analyzer. Where would you install the analyzer's sensor?

What media are used to calibrate a blood gas analyzer's gas electrodes?

What is the measurement of CO₂ in respiratory gases called?

Which of the following can help avoid the problem of arterial blood sample contamination with air? 1) Discarding frothy samples 2) Fully expelling any bubbles 3) Mixing before expelling air 4) Capping syringe quickly

When performing an Allen test on the left hand of a patient, you notice that the palm, fingers, and thumb remain blanched for more than 15 sec after pressure on the ulnar artery is released. What should you do?

What is the greatest hazard of pulse oximetry?

The transcutaneous blood gas electrode should not be placed on the:

Which of the following would you expect to occur if too much heparin was used in gathering an ABG sample from a patient breathing room air?

A physician requests that you obtain and set up an arterial line system for invasive monitoring of blood pressure. Which of the following equipment would you gather? 1) Pressurized intravenous bag 2) Continuous flush device 3) Arterial catheter 4) Volume transducer

Before connecting the sample syringe to an adult's arterial line stopcock, what would you do?

Why is the radial artery the preferred site for arterial blood sampling? 1) It is near the surface and easy to palpate and stabilize. 2) The ulnar artery normally provides good collateral circulation. 3) The radial artery is not near any large veins. 4) It is the largest artery located in the upper extremities.

Which of the following will result in falsely low HbO₂ readings with a pulse oximeter?