Question 1

All of the following are true about capillary blood gas sampling except:

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary sampling can be used in lieu of direct arterial access in some infants and small children. 
B)  a capillary sample PO2 provides a fairly close estimate of actual arterial oxygenation. 
C)  clinicians should exercise caution when using capillary samples to guide decisions. 
D)  properly obtained capillary blood can provide estimates of arterial pH and PCO2 levels. 
A)  capillary sampling can be used in lieu of direct arterial access in some infants and small children. 
B)  a capillary sample PO2 provides a fairly close estimate of actual arterial oxygenation. 
C)  clinicians should exercise caution when using capillary samples to guide decisions. 
D)  properly obtained capillary blood can provide estimates of arterial pH and PCO2 levels.

Question 2

A practitioner forgets to ice an ABG sample and leaves it at room temperature for 45 min. Which of the following parameters can you predict will increase in this sample during that period?
1) PCO2
2) pH
3) PO2

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 3

Which of the following is not a common tissue injury to be on guard for at the site of transcutaneous blood gas electrode placement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythema 
B)  Hematomas 
C)  Burns or blisters 
D)  Skin tears 
A)  Erythema 
B)  Hematomas 
C)  Burns or blisters 
D)  Skin tears

Question 4

Which of the following patient parameters does not need to be assessed as part of arterial blood sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Position or activity level 
D)  Clinical appearance 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Temperature 
C)  Position or activity level 
D)  Clinical appearance

Question 5

What is the appropriate interval for changing the site for a transcutaneous blood gas monitor sensor?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 hr 
B)  2 to 6 hr 
C)  6 to 8 hr 
D)  8 to 12 hr 
A)  1 to 2 hr 
B)  2 to 6 hr 
C)  6 to 8 hr 
D)  8 to 12 hr

Question 6

Pulse oximeter readings are generally unreliable at saturations below what level?

Accepted Answer

A)  70% 
B)  80% 
C)  90% 
D)  95% 
A)  70% 
B)  80% 
C)  90% 
D)  95%

Question 7

You are asked to calibrate an O2 analyzer. Which of the following gases would you use for this procedure?
1) 100% oxygen
2) 50% oxygen
3) 21% oxygen (room air)

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

To ensure that the output of a blood gas analyzer is both accurate and linear across the range of measured values, a calibration procedure must measure what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two different parameters at the same time 
B)  Parameters with known input values at one point 
C)  Two different parameters at different times 
D)  Parameters with known input values at two points 
A)  Two different parameters at the same time 
B)  Parameters with known input values at one point 
C)  Two different parameters at different times 
D)  Parameters with known input values at two points

Question 9

After obtaining an arterial blood sample from an arterial line, you would do all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  flush the line and stopcock with the heparinized intravenous solution. 
B)  aspirate at least 5 ml of fluid or blood (dead space or waste). 
C)  confirm stopcock port open to intravenous bag solution and catheter. 
D)  confirm undamped pulse pressure waveform on monitor. 
A)  flush the line and stopcock with the heparinized intravenous solution. 
B)  aspirate at least 5 ml of fluid or blood (dead space or waste). 
C)  confirm stopcock port open to intravenous bag solution and catheter. 
D)  confirm undamped pulse pressure waveform on monitor.

Question 10

If patient pain or anxiety occurs during arterial puncture, which of the following will probably occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoventilation 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Hypoxemia 
A)  Hypoventilation 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Hypoxemia

Question 11

You determine that a blood gas sample that requires analysis has been sitting in ice slush for 90 min. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Go ahead and analyze the sample (because it was on ice). 
B)  Warm the sample to room temperature before analysis. 
C)  Readjust the blood gas analyzer temperature to 0° C. 
D)  Discard the sample and notify the appropriate clinician. 
A)  Go ahead and analyze the sample (because it was on ice). 
B)  Warm the sample to room temperature before analysis. 
C)  Readjust the blood gas analyzer temperature to 0° C. 
D)  Discard the sample and notify the appropriate clinician.

Question 12

A blood gas analyzer measures which of the following?
1) HCO3-
2) PCO2
3) PO2
4) pH

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 2, 3, and 4 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 13

Most pre-analytical ABG errors can be avoided by ensuring that the sample is which of the following?
1) Properly anticoagulated.
2) Obtained anaerobically.
3) Analyzed within 15 to 30 min.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

Analysis of an arterial blood sample taken from a healthy athlete reveals a pH of 7.36, a PCO2 of 45 mm Hg, and a PO2 of 43 mm Hg. Which of the following analytic errors should you suspect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive time since sample collection 
B)  Exposure of the blood sample to air 
C)  Excessive heparin in the sample 
D)  Sample admixture with venous blood 
A)  Excessive time since sample collection 
B)  Exposure of the blood sample to air 
C)  Excessive heparin in the sample 
D)  Sample admixture with venous blood

Question 15

Which of the following can cause false high readings when using a pulse oximeter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal hemoglobin 
B)  Intravascular dyes 
C)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
D)  Presence of metHb 
A)  Fetal hemoglobin 
B)  Intravascular dyes 
C)  Carboxyhemoglobin 
D)  Presence of metHb

Exam 19: Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

All of the following are true about capillary blood gas sampling except:

A practitioner forgets to ice an ABG sample and leaves it at room temperature for 45 min. Which of the following parameters can you predict will increase in this sample during that period? 1) PCO2 2) pH 3) PO2

Which of the following is not a common tissue injury to be on guard for at the site of transcutaneous blood gas electrode placement?

Which of the following patient parameters does not need to be assessed as part of arterial blood sampling?

What is the appropriate interval for changing the site for a transcutaneous blood gas monitor sensor?

Pulse oximeter readings are generally unreliable at saturations below what level?

You are asked to calibrate an O2 analyzer. Which of the following gases would you use for this procedure? 1) 100% oxygen 2) 50% oxygen 3) 21% oxygen (room air)

To ensure that the output of a blood gas analyzer is both accurate and linear across the range of measured values, a calibration procedure must measure what?

After obtaining an arterial blood sample from an arterial line, you would do all of the following except:

If patient pain or anxiety occurs during arterial puncture, which of the following will probably occur?

You determine that a blood gas sample that requires analysis has been sitting in ice slush for 90 min. What should you do?

A blood gas analyzer measures which of the following? 1) HCO3- 2) PCO2 3) PO2 4) pH

Most pre-analytical ABG errors can be avoided by ensuring that the sample is which of the following? 1) Properly anticoagulated. 2) Obtained anaerobically. 3) Analyzed within 15 to 30 min.

Analysis of an arterial blood sample taken from a healthy athlete reveals a pH of 7.36, a PCO2 of 45 mm Hg, and a PO2 of 43 mm Hg. Which of the following analytic errors should you suspect?

Which of the following can cause false high readings when using a pulse oximeter?

History of Respiratory Care

Delivering Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Quality, Patient Safety, and Communication, and Recordkeeping

Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

E-Medicine in Respiratory Care

Fundamentals of Respiratory Care Research

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpreting Clinical and Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Pulmonary Function Testing

Review of Thoracic Imaging

Flexible Bronchoscopy and the Respiratory Therapist

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trauma, Burns and Near Drowning

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Patient Ventilator Interaction

Initiating and Adjusting Invasive Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Ventilation

Extracorporeal Life Support Ecls

Monitoring the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

A practitioner forgets to ice an ABG sample and leaves it at room temperature for 45 min. Which of the following parameters can you predict will increase in this sample during that period? 1) PCO₂ 2) pH 3) PO₂

You are asked to calibrate an O₂ analyzer. Which of the following gases would you use for this procedure? 1) 100% oxygen 2) 50% oxygen 3) 21% oxygen (room air)

A blood gas analyzer measures which of the following? 1) HCO₃^- 2) PCO₂ 3) PO₂ 4) pH

Analysis of an arterial blood sample taken from a healthy athlete reveals a pH of 7.36, a PCO₂ of 45 mm Hg, and a PO₂ of 43 mm Hg. Which of the following analytic errors should you suspect?