Exam 11: Understanding Self and Others

Prejudice decreases when children role play being the victims of prejudice.

During Selman's __________ stage of perspective taking,children can step into another's shoes and view themselves as others do.

The attitudes,behaviors,and values that a person believes make him or her a unique individual are referred to as the person's

If a child says that his mother won't mind that he took cookies from the cookie jar because she likes cookies,then the child is in Selman's __________ stage.

Your friends Frank and Kathie have a young son,Jessie.Frank and Kathie are concerned that Jessie will grow up feeling good about himself.They are wondering if there is anything that they can do that will increase the chances that Jessie will have high levels of self-esteem.What can you tell Frank and Kathie about the factors that influence self-esteem?

A strong,well-defined ethnic identity is associated with

Scholastic competence is measured by how

Children with low self-esteem are more likely to be involved in bullying.

According to Marcia,during the moratorium status,individuals are overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and are doing little to achieve one.

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

Adolescent egocentrism,imaginary audiences,personal fables,and the illusion of invulnerability become more common as adolescents make progress toward achieving an identity.

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon.Which of the following would you expect to find?

What advice would you give teachers to help them enhance their students' self-esteem?

Explain what is meant by the imaginary audience,the personal fable,and the illusion of invulnerability.Give an example of each.

By 5 years of age,children use the information in their descriptions of others to predict others' future behavior.

How competent the child feels in relationships with parents and peers is reflected in which of Harter's domains?

In Marcia's theory,__________ describes individuals who have identities that are determined largely by adults,rather than from personal exploration.

Children of parents who set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation are more likely to have children who reach the achievement status.

When children have one European American parent and the other is African American,Asian American,or Hispanic,children tend to adopt the