Question 1

Which level of measurement is the most mathematically precise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
E)  All levels of measurement are equally precise 
A)  Interval 
B)  Nominal 
C)  Ordinal 
D)  Ratio 
E)  All levels of measurement are equally precise

Question 2

A scale is an index in which different items are given different weights.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Reliability refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  That a measurement captures what it intends to measure 
B)  That a measurement includes all dimensions of a concept 
C)  That a measurement is free of error 
D)  That a measurement is based on empirical reality 
E)  That a measure yields consistent scores 
A)  That a measurement captures what it intends to measure 
B)  That a measurement includes all dimensions of a concept 
C)  That a measurement is free of error 
D)  That a measurement is based on empirical reality 
E)  That a measure yields consistent scores

Question 4

Questions that allow a respondent to select from a predetermined set of responses are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Closed-ended questions 
B)  Fixed-choice questions 
C)  Open-ended questions 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Closed-ended questions 
B)  Fixed-choice questions 
C)  Open-ended questions 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 5

Operationalization is the process of defining what exactly a researcher means by a key concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Propose measures of job satisfaction at the nominal, ordinal, and interval or ratio levels. Discuss the relative merits of each. Suggest procedures for establishing validity and reliability of all three of your job satisfaction measures. Explain your rationale for each procedure.

Accepted Answer

Nominal level of measurement: Variables

Question 7

Scott defines "minority owned" in his study of businesses in Northeastern City as being those businesses that are currently owned by women or African Americans. What has he done?

Accepted Answer

A)  Made an ecological fallacy 
B)  Made a reductionism fallacy 
C)  Conceptualization 
D)  Operationalization 
E)  Triangulation 
A)  Made an ecological fallacy 
B)  Made a reductionism fallacy 
C)  Conceptualization 
D)  Operationalization 
E)  Triangulation

Question 8

Nominal and ordinal level closed-ended questions must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions 16-18:
In each set, match a concept from Group A to a definition or example from Group B.
-Levels of Measurement
Note that levels of measurement may be used more than once.
Group A
 1. An index of political participation with a range from 5 to 45
 2. Age, defined as child, young adult, adult, and senior
 3. Gender: male or female
 4. Number of siblings
 5. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit
 6. Score on exam
 7. Military rank
 8. Citizenship: U.S. Citizen or Not U.S. citizen
 
 Group B
 a. Nominal
 b. Ordinal
 c. Interval 
 d. Ratio

Accepted Answer

1-c
2-b
3-

Question 10

Textual analysis is a research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Counting the number of articles devoted to women's anxiety in women's magazines in 1930, 1950, 1970, and 1990 is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  A survey 
B)  An obtrusive measure 
C)  An unobtrusive measure 
D)  A content analysis 
E)  Using available data 
A)  A survey 
B)  An obtrusive measure 
C)  An unobtrusive measure 
D)  A content analysis 
E)  Using available data

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the nominal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Location in which respondent was born 
B)  Religiosity measured as not religious, somewhat religious, and very religious 
C)  Time in seconds in which a subject completes a given task 
D)  Number of respondents' first cousins 
E)  Level of education in years completed 
A)  Location in which respondent was born 
B)  Religiosity measured as not religious, somewhat religious, and very religious 
C)  Time in seconds in which a subject completes a given task 
D)  Number of respondents' first cousins 
E)  Level of education in years completed

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the interval level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Age in years 
B)  Income in dollars 
C)  Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit 
D)  Acres of land planted in food crops 
E)  None of the above are measured at the interval level 
A)  Age in years 
B)  Income in dollars 
C)  Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit 
D)  Acres of land planted in food crops 
E)  None of the above are measured at the interval level

Question 14

Construct a short survey of five questions designed to measure political attitudes. At least one question must be open ended, one must be closed-ended, and one must be an index or a scale. Discuss an alternative procedure to measure political attitudes, and how the survey would compare with this alternative procedure in terms of validity.

Accepted Answer

Closed-ended (fixed-choice) question: A

Question 15

Which of the following would not be analyzed using content analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Romance novels 
B)  Interview transcripts 
C)  Science fiction films 
D)  Women's magazines 
E)  Newspaper articles 
A)  Romance novels 
B)  Interview transcripts 
C)  Science fiction films 
D)  Women's magazines 
E)  Newspaper articles

Question 16

The ordinal level of measurement has the highest mathematical precision.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Predictive validity occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  A measure can predict scores on a criterion measured in the past. 
B)  A measure relates to other measures specified in a social theory. 
C)  A measure is associated with a criterion collected at the same time. 
D)  A measure can predict scores on a criterion measured in the future. 
E)  A measure is operationalized as a variable. 
A)  A measure can predict scores on a criterion measured in the past. 
B)  A measure relates to other measures specified in a social theory. 
C)  A measure is associated with a criterion collected at the same time. 
D)  A measure can predict scores on a criterion measured in the future. 
E)  A measure is operationalized as a variable.

Question 18

Codes can be created by using key words from the text that is being analyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You must develop a measure of student satisfaction with your school. Propose measurement procedures using available data, questions, and observations. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three measurement approaches.

Accepted Answer

Data can be collected in a wide variety

Question 20

Using more than one measure of the same variable, such as using a survey and direct observation, is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Validation 
B)  Reliability 
C)  Conceptualization 
D)  Triangulation 
E)  Operationalization 
A)  Validation 
B)  Reliability 
C)  Conceptualization 
D)  Triangulation 
E)  Operationalization

Which level of measurement is the most mathematically precise?

A scale is an index in which different items are given different weights.

Reliability refers to which of the following?

Questions that allow a respondent to select from a predetermined set of responses are called:

Operationalization is the process of defining what exactly a researcher means by a key concept.

Propose measures of job satisfaction at the nominal, ordinal, and interval or ratio levels. Discuss the relative merits of each. Suggest procedures for establishing validity and reliability of all three of your job satisfaction measures. Explain your rationale for each procedure.

Scott defines "minority owned" in his study of businesses in Northeastern City as being those businesses that are currently owned by women or African Americans. What has he done?

Nominal and ordinal level closed-ended questions must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Textual analysis is a research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text.

Counting the number of articles devoted to women's anxiety in women's magazines in 1930, 1950, 1970, and 1990 is an example of:

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the nominal level of measurement?

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the interval level of measurement?

Which of the following would not be analyzed using content analysis?

The ordinal level of measurement has the highest mathematical precision.

Predictive validity occurs when:

Codes can be created by using key words from the text that is being analyzed.

You must develop a measure of student satisfaction with your school. Propose measurement procedures using available data, questions, and observations. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three measurement approaches.

Using more than one measure of the same variable, such as using a survey and direct observation, is known as:

Science, Society, and Social Research

The Process and Problems of Social Research

Ethics in Research

Sampling and Generalizability

Causation and Experimental Design

Survey Research

Elementary Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Methods: Observing, Participating, Listening

Qualitative Data Analysis

Unobtrusive Measures

Evaluation Research

Filters

Exam 4: Conceptualization and Measurement

Which level of measurement is the most mathematically precise?

A scale is an index in which different items are given different weights.

Reliability refers to which of the following?

Questions that allow a respondent to select from a predetermined set of responses are called:

Operationalization is the process of defining what exactly a researcher means by a key concept.

Propose measures of job satisfaction at the nominal, ordinal, and interval or ratio levels. Discuss the relative merits of each. Suggest procedures for establishing validity and reliability of all three of your job satisfaction measures. Explain your rationale for each procedure.

Scott defines "minority owned" in his study of businesses in Northeastern City as being those businesses that are currently owned by women or African Americans. What has he done?

Nominal and ordinal level closed-ended questions must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Textual analysis is a research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text.

Counting the number of articles devoted to women's anxiety in women's magazines in 1930, 1950, 1970, and 1990 is an example of:

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the nominal level of measurement?

Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the interval level of measurement?

Which of the following would not be analyzed using content analysis?

The ordinal level of measurement has the highest mathematical precision.

Predictive validity occurs when:

Codes can be created by using key words from the text that is being analyzed.

You must develop a measure of student satisfaction with your school. Propose measurement procedures using available data, questions, and observations. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three measurement approaches.

Using more than one measure of the same variable, such as using a survey and direct observation, is known as:

Science, Society, and Social Research

The Process and Problems of Social Research

Ethics in Research

Sampling and Generalizability

Causation and Experimental Design

Survey Research

Elementary Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Methods: Observing, Participating, Listening

Qualitative Data Analysis

Unobtrusive Measures

Evaluation Research

Filters