Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malaria 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Mercury 
D)  DDT 
A)  Malaria 
B)  Formaldehyde 
C)  Mercury 
D)  DDT C

Question 2

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  cheaper than other methods. 
B)  faster than other methods. 
C)  usually quite humane. 
D)  easier than using computer models. 
E)  a trusted and usually reliable way to get results. 
A)  cheaper than other methods. 
B)  faster than other methods. 
C)  usually quite humane. 
D)  easier than using computer models. 
E)  a trusted and usually reliable way to get results. E

Question 3

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  The elimination of top consumers can favor disease-carrying organisms. 
B)  Mosquitoes with an aquatic larval form spread many highly contagious diseases. 
C)  The standing water is used for drinking and disease organisms in the water cause diarrhea. 
D)  All of these explain the connection between rainforest destruction and human morbidity and mortality. 
A)  The elimination of top consumers can favor disease-carrying organisms. 
B)  Mosquitoes with an aquatic larval form spread many highly contagious diseases. 
C)  The standing water is used for drinking and disease organisms in the water cause diarrhea. 
D)  All of these explain the connection between rainforest destruction and human morbidity and mortality. B

Question 4

Pathogenic organisms are those that are susceptible to diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from

Accepted Answer

A)  carcinogenic or toxic chemicals. 
B)  psychological stress factors due to crowding. 
C)  pathogenic organisms. 
D)  teratogenic chemicals. 
E)  injuries (intentional and unintentional). 
A)  carcinogenic or toxic chemicals. 
B)  psychological stress factors due to crowding. 
C)  pathogenic organisms. 
D)  teratogenic chemicals. 
E)  injuries (intentional and unintentional).

Question 6

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Accepted Answer

A)  is an acceptable level of risk for most individuals. 
B)  all individuals react to. 
C)  kills individuals 50 years old and over. 
D)  is 50 times less than the minimal dose. 
E)  kills half of the population. 
A)  is an acceptable level of risk for most individuals. 
B)  all individuals react to. 
C)  kills individuals 50 years old and over. 
D)  is 50 times less than the minimal dose. 
E)  kills half of the population.

Question 8

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional stress. 
B)  malnutrition. 
C)  toxicity effects. 
A)  emotional stress. 
B)  malnutrition. 
C)  toxicity effects.

Question 9

When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals, natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly always less toxic than 
B)  nearly always more toxic than 
C)  on average, just as toxic 
D)  much safer 
E)  more difficult to detect 
A)  nearly always less toxic than 
B)  nearly always more toxic than 
C)  on average, just as toxic 
D)  much safer 
E)  more difficult to detect

Question 10

Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems. 
B)  Different members of the population have different sensitivities to toxins. 
C)  Information about both chronic and acute exposures to a toxin. 
D)  The bioaccumulation potential of the toxin. 
A)  Information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems. 
B)  Different members of the population have different sensitivities to toxins. 
C)  Information about both chronic and acute exposures to a toxin. 
D)  The bioaccumulation potential of the toxin.

Question 11

The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid." 
B)  birds should not depend on fish for food. 
C)  DDT is easily metabolized and excreted by most organisms. 
D)  DDT is an extremely water-soluble material. 
E)  water-soluble toxins are widespread. 
A)  higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid." 
B)  birds should not depend on fish for food. 
C)  DDT is easily metabolized and excreted by most organisms. 
D)  DDT is an extremely water-soluble material. 
E)  water-soluble toxins are widespread.

Question 12

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Accepted Answer

A)  retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment. 
B)  lose their toxicity once released in the environment. 
C)  accumulate within one organism but break down at higher trophic levels. 
D)  are highly unusual among artificial chemicals. 
E)  are usually not that toxic in their life span. 
A)  retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment. 
B)  lose their toxicity once released in the environment. 
C)  accumulate within one organism but break down at higher trophic levels. 
D)  are highly unusual among artificial chemicals. 
E)  are usually not that toxic in their life span.

Question 13

Which would not be characteristic of a disease such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola.

Accepted Answer

A)  They are caused by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  They are called communicable diseases. 
C)  They are called emergent diseases. 
D)  They are happening more often in the past 20 years. 
E)  They are becoming resistant to antibiotics. 
A)  They are caused by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  They are called communicable diseases. 
C)  They are called emergent diseases. 
D)  They are happening more often in the past 20 years. 
E)  They are becoming resistant to antibiotics.

Question 14

Policy makers should utilize a(n) ____________ approach to setting environmental risk standards.

Accepted Answer

A)  zero tolerance 
B)  precautionary 
C)  case-by-case 
D)  restrictive 
A)  zero tolerance 
B)  precautionary 
C)  case-by-case 
D)  restrictive

Question 15

In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Accepted Answer

A)  a minimal amount is taken into the body. 
B)  there is no exposure. 
C)  chemists develop vaccines and antibodies 
D)  DNA technology is used to change the individual's susceptibility. 
A)  a minimal amount is taken into the body. 
B)  there is no exposure. 
C)  chemists develop vaccines and antibodies 
D)  DNA technology is used to change the individual's susceptibility.

Question 17

Which of the following presents the greatest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning 
A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning

Question 18

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning 
A)  poisonous snakes 
B)  dog bites 
C)  plane crashes 
D)  lightning 
E)  drowning

Question 19

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)  how many chemicals are present. 
B)  how many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage. 
C)  the sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present. 
D)  whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
E)  whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
A)  how many chemicals are present. 
B)  how many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage. 
C)  the sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present. 
D)  whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them. 
E)  whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them.

Question 20

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Accepted Answer

A)  react or interfere with specific cell functions. 
B)  can physically remove or tear tissues. 
C)  are usually synthetic. 
D)  cause debilitating, parasitic diseases. 
E)  cause excessive water accumulation in tissues. 
A)  react or interfere with specific cell functions. 
B)  can physically remove or tear tissues. 
C)  are usually synthetic. 
D)  cause debilitating, parasitic diseases. 
E)  cause excessive water accumulation in tissues.

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

Pathogenic organisms are those that are susceptible to diseases.

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals, natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.

Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Which would not be characteristic of a disease such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola.

Policy makers should utilize a(n) ____________ approach to setting environmental risk standards.

In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Which of the following presents the greatest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

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Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Which of the following is an example of a neurotoxin?

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?

Pathogenic organisms are those that are susceptible to diseases.

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from

A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.

An LD50 (lethal dose 50%) is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals, natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.

Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Which would not be characteristic of a disease such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola.

Policy makers should utilize a(n) ____________ approach to setting environmental risk standards.

In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Which of the following presents the greatest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Which of the following presents the lowest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics and Urbanization

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters