Question 1

The estimated annual value of soil formation by natural systems is more than 10 trillion dollars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which is a negative consequence of urban sprawl?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased traffic congestion 
B)  abandonment of city centers 
C)  inefficient use of land 
D)  all of these are correct. 
E)  none of these are correct. 
A)  increased traffic congestion 
B)  abandonment of city centers 
C)  inefficient use of land 
D)  all of these are correct. 
E)  none of these are correct. D

Question 3

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on ____. This is reflected by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  flexible housing; variety of living arrangements supported by most suburban zoning ordinances 
B)  walking; pedestrian-friendly streets 
C)  social interactions; pedestrian-friendly streets and parks 
D)  ease of shopping and running errands; nearby availability of goods and services 
E)  the automobile; prominent streets, garages, and driveways 
A)  flexible housing; variety of living arrangements supported by most suburban zoning ordinances 
B)  walking; pedestrian-friendly streets 
C)  social interactions; pedestrian-friendly streets and parks 
D)  ease of shopping and running errands; nearby availability of goods and services 
E)  the automobile; prominent streets, garages, and driveways E

Question 4

Suburbs are known for the presence of artistic and cultural opportunities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The dilemma of public property use presented by Garret Hardin is also called the "free rider problem."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Mass transportation in urban areas is one example of how cities have negative impacts on the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Ecological economics is different from the other economic theories because it recognizes the

Accepted Answer

A)  scarcity of natural capital. 
B)  recycling of ecological processes and the scarcity of manufactured capital. 
C)  abundance of natural capital. 
D)  fragility of the human economy and power of ecological systems. 
E)  human economy as one part of a dynamic world system. 
A)  scarcity of natural capital. 
B)  recycling of ecological processes and the scarcity of manufactured capital. 
C)  abundance of natural capital. 
D)  fragility of the human economy and power of ecological systems. 
E)  human economy as one part of a dynamic world system.

Question 8

In 2000 what continent had the highest percentage of people living in urban areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  North America 
B)  Europe 
C)  Asia 
D)  South America 
E)  Africa 
A)  North America 
B)  Europe 
C)  Asia 
D)  South America 
E)  Africa

Question 9

A major criticism of the 'limits to growth' model is that it doesn't fully account for technological innovations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Slums are usually dwelling places that are

Accepted Answer

A)  illegal and built by squatters. 
B)  legal but have inadequate living conditions. 
C)  small but up to city code. 
D)  condemned by the city but illegally occupied. 
E)  on undeveloped lands in the outskirts of a city. 
A)  illegal and built by squatters. 
B)  legal but have inadequate living conditions. 
C)  small but up to city code. 
D)  condemned by the city but illegally occupied. 
E)  on undeveloped lands in the outskirts of a city.

Question 11

Traditional suburban development does not

Accepted Answer

A)  consist of only house lots and streets. 
B)  typically consist of identical parcels of land without open space. 
C)  facilitate social interactions among neighbors. 
D)  consume agricultural land and wildlife habitat. 
E)  All of these are characteristics of traditional suburban development. 
A)  consist of only house lots and streets. 
B)  typically consist of identical parcels of land without open space. 
C)  facilitate social interactions among neighbors. 
D)  consume agricultural land and wildlife habitat. 
E)  All of these are characteristics of traditional suburban development.

Question 12

Use the following scenario to answer this question. A large lending institution is evaluating the long-term pros and cons of building a hydroelectric dam in the Amazon rainforest. First, the lending institution is identifying the appropriate factors and then quantifying them. The factors include, but are not limited to, the direct expenses of building the dam, the lost opportunities from placing a dam on the river, and the profit from the dam. Also included is an analysis of who will be affected by the dam.
-Which of the following is not a major criticism of this type of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are willing to answer questions about how much they would spend to save the Amazon rainforest. 
B)  The quantification process compares the value of the lives of indigenous people's lives with the lives of people in the city who would be receiving the electricity. 
C)  The focus of this type of analysis would be mainly on the hydroelectric project rather than alternatives. 
D)  Monetary values are placed on intangible things like the river running freely. 
E)  These are all criticisms of this type of analysis. 
A)  People are willing to answer questions about how much they would spend to save the Amazon rainforest. 
B)  The quantification process compares the value of the lives of indigenous people's lives with the lives of people in the city who would be receiving the electricity. 
C)  The focus of this type of analysis would be mainly on the hydroelectric project rather than alternatives. 
D)  Monetary values are placed on intangible things like the river running freely. 
E)  These are all criticisms of this type of analysis.

Question 13

In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated

Accepted Answer

A)  in urban centers. 
B)  at city margins. 
C)  outside of the city entirely. 
D)  in a ring of satellite settlements around a city. 
E)  None of these. Usually the poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are distributed throughout the area. 
A)  in urban centers. 
B)  at city margins. 
C)  outside of the city entirely. 
D)  in a ring of satellite settlements around a city. 
E)  None of these. Usually the poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are distributed throughout the area.

Question 14

A megacity is defined as having more than 50 million residents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Natural capital is that which is created by

Accepted Answer

A)  industrial processes. 
B)  human labor. 
C)  natural Earth processes. 
D)  animal labor. 
E)  All of these are ways natural capital is created. 
A)  industrial processes. 
B)  human labor. 
C)  natural Earth processes. 
D)  animal labor. 
E)  All of these are ways natural capital is created.

Question 16

Cap-and-trade is a system where market forces help drive sustainability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is a push factor for urban growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jobs in rural manufacturing. 
B)  Unemployment in farming communities. 
C)  Better access to education at big universities. 
D)  High unemployment in cities. 
E)  Opportunities for specialization in an occupation. 
A)  Jobs in rural manufacturing. 
B)  Unemployment in farming communities. 
C)  Better access to education at big universities. 
D)  High unemployment in cities. 
E)  Opportunities for specialization in an occupation.

Question 18

Use the following scenario to answer this question. A large lending institution is evaluating the long-term pros and cons of building a hydroelectric dam in the Amazon rainforest. First, the lending institution is identifying the appropriate factors and then quantifying them. The factors include, but are not limited to, the direct expenses of building the dam, the lost opportunities from placing a dam on the river, and the profit from the dam. Also included is an analysis of who will be affected by the dam.
-When a factory pollutes a river, the costs and losses that affect people downstream would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect costs. 
B)  external costs. 
C)  incidental costs. 
D)  internal costs. 
E)  social costs. 
A)  indirect costs. 
B)  external costs. 
C)  incidental costs. 
D)  internal costs. 
E)  social costs.

Question 19

Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improve public relations about the business' environmental policies. 
B)  The products of a process are resources for other processes. 
C)  Work within the limits of the current incoming amounts of solar energy. 
D)  Include an emphasis on the maintenance of cultural and biological diversity. 
E)  All of these are associated with adopting the "design for the environment." 
A)  Improve public relations about the business' environmental policies. 
B)  The products of a process are resources for other processes. 
C)  Work within the limits of the current incoming amounts of solar energy. 
D)  Include an emphasis on the maintenance of cultural and biological diversity. 
E)  All of these are associated with adopting the "design for the environment."

Question 20

Which is not a goal of smart growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of noise, air and water pollution 
B)  increased access to artistic and cultural opportunities 
C)  reduction of substandard housing 
D)  improved communication among members of the community 
E)  all of these are goals of smart growth. 
A)  reduction of noise, air and water pollution 
B)  increased access to artistic and cultural opportunities 
C)  reduction of substandard housing 
D)  improved communication among members of the community 
E)  all of these are goals of smart growth.

The estimated annual value of soil formation by natural systems is more than 10 trillion dollars.

Which is a negative consequence of urban sprawl?

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on . This is reflected by the _.

Suburbs are known for the presence of artistic and cultural opportunities.

The dilemma of public property use presented by Garret Hardin is also called the "free rider problem."

Mass transportation in urban areas is one example of how cities have negative impacts on the environment.

Ecological economics is different from the other economic theories because it recognizes the

In 2000 what continent had the highest percentage of people living in urban areas?

A major criticism of the 'limits to growth' model is that it doesn't fully account for technological innovations.

Slums are usually dwelling places that are

Traditional suburban development does not

In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated

A megacity is defined as having more than 50 million residents.

Natural capital is that which is created by

Cap-and-trade is a system where market forces help drive sustainability.

Which of the following is a push factor for urban growth?

Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?

Which is not a goal of smart growth?

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

Exam 15: Economics and Urbanization

The estimated annual value of soil formation by natural systems is more than 10 trillion dollars.

Which is a negative consequence of urban sprawl?

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on ____. This is reflected by the _____.

Suburbs are known for the presence of artistic and cultural opportunities.

The dilemma of public property use presented by Garret Hardin is also called the "free rider problem."

Mass transportation in urban areas is one example of how cities have negative impacts on the environment.

Ecological economics is different from the other economic theories because it recognizes the

In 2000 what continent had the highest percentage of people living in urban areas?

A major criticism of the 'limits to growth' model is that it doesn't fully account for technological innovations.

Slums are usually dwelling places that are

Traditional suburban development does not

In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated

A megacity is defined as having more than 50 million residents.

Natural capital is that which is created by

Cap-and-trade is a system where market forces help drive sustainability.

Which of the following is a push factor for urban growth?

Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?

Which is not a goal of smart growth?

Understanding Our Environment

Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life

Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities

Human Populations

Biomes and Biodiversity

Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves

Food and Agriculture

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Climate

Air Pollution

Water: Resources and Pollution

Environmental Geology and Earth Resources

Energy

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Filters

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on . This is reflected by the _.