A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications.$\text { Number of Seizures }$ $\begin{array}{lll} &\text { Previous Medication }&\text { New Medication }\\ \hline \text { Patient 1 } & 4 & 7 \\ \text { Patient 2 } & 5 & 6 \\ \text { Patient 3 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Patient 4 } & 3 & 3 \\ \text { Patient 5 } & 4 & 5\\ \text { Patient 6 } & 3 & 2 \\ \text { Patient 7 } & 4 & 5 \\ \text { Patient 8 } & 6 & 7 \\ \text { Patient 8 } & 4 & 4 \\ \text { Patient 10 } & 3 & 2 \\ \text { Patient 11 } & 4 & 5 \\ \text { Patient 12 } & 5 & 4\\\hline \end{array}$ -The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately

A) 0.08 B) 4.50 C) 4.42 D) .333 A) 0.08 B) 4.50 C) 4.42 D) .333 D

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?

A) it appears that coffee drinking is associated with improved mood B) coffee drinking does not cause mood improvement C) coffee drinking is correlated with people's moods D) the null hypothesis is retained A) it appears that coffee drinking is associated with improved mood B) coffee drinking does not cause mood improvement C) coffee drinking is correlated with people's moods D) the null hypothesis is retained

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -The derived t value (either + or -) from the formula is

A) 5.00 B) 7.87 C) 3.44 D) .05 A) 5.00 B) 7.87 C) 3.44 D) .05

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -What statistical decision is appropriate?

A) retain the null hypothesis B) reject the null hypothesis C) reject the alternative hypothesis D) the results are significant at p < .001 A) retain the null hypothesis B) reject the null hypothesis C) reject the alternative hypothesis D) the results are significant at p < .001

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -In statistical language, the results are significant at (and remember statisticians report the lowest p level possible)

A) p < .05 B) p < .01 C) p < .001 A) p < .05 B) p < .01 C) p < .001

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately

A) 0.08 B) 2.87 C) 5.00 D) 7.87 A) 0.08 B) 2.87 C) 5.00 D) 7.87

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications.$\text { Number of Seizures }$ $\begin{array}{lll} &\text { Previous Medication }&\text { New Medication }\\ \hline \text { Patient 1 } & 4 & 7 \\ \text { Patient 2 } & 5 & 6 \\ \text { Patient 3 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Patient 4 } & 3 & 3 \\ \text { Patient 5 } & 4 & 5\\ \text { Patient 6 } & 3 & 2 \\ \text { Patient 7 } & 4 & 5 \\ \text { Patient 8 } & 6 & 7 \\ \text { Patient 8 } & 4 & 4 \\ \text { Patient 10 } & 3 & 2 \\ \text { Patient 11 } & 4 & 5 \\ \text { Patient 12 } & 5 & 4\\\hline \end{array}$ -Assume this t test had a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, and we will use the conventional level of statistical significance.The critical value (plus and minus) of the t test for this problem (obtained from Appendix B: t distribution) is

A) 2.179 B) 2.201 C) 3.106 D) 4.437 A) 2.179 B) 2.201 C) 3.106 D) 4.437

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -The df for this problem are

A) 0 B) 8 C) 5 D) 14 A) 0 B) 8 C) 5 D) 14

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood.$\begin{array}{lll}&\text { Before Mood Rating }&\text { After Mood Rating }\\ \hline \text { Participant 1 } & 5 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 2 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 3 } & 9 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 4 } & 3 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 5 } & 2 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 6 } & 4 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 7 } & 1 & 10\\ \text { Participant 8 } & 8 & 8 \\ \text { Participant 9 } & 6 & 5 \\ \text { Participant 10 } & 7 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 11 } & 4 & 3 \\ \text { Participant 12 } & 3 & 10 \\ \text { Participant 13 } & 8 & 7 \\ \text { Participant 14 } & 7 & 9 \\ \text { Participant 15 } & 5 & 9\\\hline \end{array}$ -Assume this t test had a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, and we will use the conventional level of statistical significance.The critical value (plus and minus) of the t test for this problem (obtained from Appendix B: t distribution) is

A) 2.145 B) 2.977 C) 4.140 D) 2.131 A) 2.145 B) 2.977 C) 4.140 D) 2.131

Exam 8: The T Test for Dependent Groups

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -The derived t value from the formula is

Free

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

A

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -The df for this problem are

Free

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

C

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately

Free

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

D

The two-tailed test of significance protects against the Type ____ error better than the one-tailed test of significance.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 4

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 5

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -In nonstatistical language, what can be concluded?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

Which of the following is not a name for the dependent t test?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 7

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -The derived t value (either + or -) from the formula is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -What statistical decision is appropriate?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 9

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -What statistical decision is appropriate?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 10

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -In statistical language, the results are significant at (and remember statisticians report the lowest p level possible)

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 11

Which of the following is not a way to increase the power of a t test?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -The value of the numerator in the dependent t test formula for this problem is approximately

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

The __________________ effect is said to occur when extreme scores, which are measured again, tend to be closer to the mean.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 14

Design 3 of the dependent t test controls for the

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

One drawback of dependent t test designs versus independent t test designs is the degrees of freedom.Given the same number of participants in both designs, which has the greater degrees of freedom?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

A psychiatrist wishes to determine whether a new medication controls seizures better than the patients' previous medications. The number of seizures is recorded on previous and new medications for a period of 1 year for each patient. The research question is focused on determining whether there are differences between the two means of the numbers of seizures between the previous and new medications. $\text { Number of Seizures }$ Previous Medication New Medication Patient 1 4 7 Patient 2 5 6 Patient 3 4 3 Patient 4 3 3 Patient 5 4 5 Patient 6 3 2 Patient 7 4 5 Patient 8 6 7 Patient 8 4 4 Patient 10 3 2 Patient 11 4 5 Patient 12 5 4 -Assume this t test had a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, and we will use the conventional level of statistical significance.The critical value (plus and minus) of the t test for this problem (obtained from Appendix B: t distribution) is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 17

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -The df for this problem are

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

A psychologist wishes to determine whether drinking coffee improves one's mood. The psychologist hangs out at the Café Coffay and asks customers to fill out a 10-point good-mood, bad-mood questionnaire (where 10 = great mood and 1 = bad mood) before and after their first cup of coffee that day. The research question is whether there is any evidence that drinking coffee improves mood. Before Mood Rating After Mood Rating Participant 1 5 9 Participant 2 3 8 Participant 3 9 9 Participant 4 3 8 Participant 5 2 7 Participant 6 4 9 Participant 7 1 10 Participant 8 8 8 Participant 9 6 5 Participant 10 7 7 Participant 11 4 3 Participant 12 3 10 Participant 13 8 7 Participant 14 7 9 Participant 15 5 9 -Assume this t test had a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, and we will use the conventional level of statistical significance.The critical value (plus and minus) of the t test for this problem (obtained from Appendix B: t distribution) is

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 19

The way in which the _________________ hypothesis is stated determines whether a test of significance is one-tailed or two-tailed.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 20

The two-tailed test of significance protects against the Type ____ error better than the one-tailed test of significance.

Which of the following is not a name for the dependent t test?

Which of the following is not a way to increase the power of a t test?

The __________________ effect is said to occur when extreme scores, which are measured again, tend to be closer to the mean.

Design 3 of the dependent t test controls for the

One drawback of dependent t test designs versus independent t test designs is the degrees of freedom.Given the same number of participants in both designs, which has the greater degrees of freedom?

The way in which the _________________ hypothesis is stated determines whether a test of significance is one-tailed or two-tailed.

A Gentle Introduction

Descriptive Statistics: Understanding Distributions of Numbers

Statistical Parameters: Measures of Central Tendency and Variation

Standard Scores, the Z Distribution, and Hypothesis Testing

Inferential Statistics: The Controlled Experiment, Hypothesis Testing, and the Z Distribution

An Introduction to Correlation and Regression

The T Test for Independent Groups

Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor Completely Randomized Design

After a Significant Analysis of Variance: Multiple Comparison Tests

Analysis of Variance Anova: One-Factor Repeated-Measures Design

Analysis of Variance: Two-Factor Completely Randomized Design

Post Hoc Analysis of Factorial Anova

Factorial Anova: Additional Designs

Nonparametric Statistics: The Chi-Square Test

Other Statistical Parameters and Tests

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