Question 1

The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them:

Accepted Answer

A) includes an absolute zero. 
B) uses equal units of measurement. 
C) supports the use of statistical analyses. 
D) is used in research with human subjects. 
A) includes an absolute zero. 
B) uses equal units of measurement. 
C) supports the use of statistical analyses. 
D) is used in research with human subjects. A

Question 2

Sean,a high school wrestler,has agreed to participate in a study of cardiovascular conditioning.He is left somewhat confused when,at the first research session,he is asked to complete a questionnaire about commonly purchased grocery items.Sean's confusion indicates a lack of ________ regarding the task.

Accepted Answer

A) construct validity 
B) content validity 
C) criterion validity 
D) face validity 
A) construct validity 
B) content validity 
C) criterion validity 
D) face validity D

Question 3

A researcher designed a new questionnaire to measure political conservatism.To test out his new instrument,he asks people leaving their polling place on election day to report their degree of political conservatism on a scale of 1 (low)to 10 (high)and then complete his questionnaire.Results show that people who identified themselves as political conservatives also had the highest scores on his questionnaire.This is an indication of the ________ of the new instrument.

Accepted Answer

A) criterion validity 
B) content validity 
C) face validity 
D) predictive validity 
A) criterion validity 
B) content validity 
C) face validity 
D) predictive validity A

Question 4

Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment.Marcy is most concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A) triangulation. 
B) respondent validation. 
C) external validity. 
D) internal validity. 
A) triangulation. 
B) respondent validation. 
C) external validity. 
D) internal validity.

Question 5

An interval scale of measurement:

Accepted Answer

A) assigns a name to a category. 
B) communicates rank-order information. 
C) incorporates equal units of measurement. 
D) is tied to an absolute zero. 
A) assigns a name to a category. 
B) communicates rank-order information. 
C) incorporates equal units of measurement. 
D) is tied to an absolute zero.

Question 6

Dr.Greenhill wants to know how it is that some early adolescents come to make a connection between their personal lifestyle and environmental problems,while others don't.Furthermore,among those who see the connection,why do some become committed to environmentalism while others do not? Dr.Greenwald looks forward to probing the thoughts of young teens on these issues and trying to see the questions and issues through "14-year-old eyes." You recommend that Dr.Greenhill conduct a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative 
B) qualitative 
A) quantitative 
B) qualitative

Question 7

Professor Parsnip wants to know more about the mental process students go through as they learn about research methods.She also wants to know which instructional methods are most effective for teaching research methods to her students.Assume that Professor Parsnip decides to take a quantitative approach to studying these questions.State a specific research question related to her general research problem that lends itself well to a quantitative research approach.Then explain why your question is better addressed using a quantitative,rather than a qualitative,methodology.

Accepted Answer

Suitable research questions will do one

Question 8

Sara conducted a study in her sixth grade classroom.The study focused on students' interests in science classes.Sara shared what individual students said about their interest in science with the seventh-grade teachers to help place students in next years' classes.Was Sara's sharing this information in accordance with ethical research practices?

Accepted Answer

A) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since it will help them in their education. 
B) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since the study was conducted in school. 
C) In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since that information was confidential. 
D) In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since the information was anonymous. 
A) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since it will help them in their education. 
B) In this case it was ethical to share students' data since the study was conducted in school. 
C) In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since that information was confidential. 
D) In this case,it was unethical to share students' data since the information was anonymous.

Question 9

Three of the following accurately characterize data.Which one does NOT necessarily characterize data?

Accepted Answer

A) Data may be elusive. 
B) Data can be volatile. 
C) Data are ever changing. 
D) Data reveal truth. 
A) Data may be elusive. 
B) Data can be volatile. 
C) Data are ever changing. 
D) Data reveal truth.

Question 10

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the credibility of a qualitative study.Which one is NOT?

Accepted Answer

A) Spend extensive time in the field studying the phenomenon of interest. 
B) Acquire detailed descriptions of the phenomena being studied. 
C) Exclude participants who have experiences or opinions that are very different from those of others in the study. 
D) Ask participants to comment on the conclusions being drawn from the study. 
A) Spend extensive time in the field studying the phenomenon of interest. 
B) Acquire detailed descriptions of the phenomena being studied. 
C) Exclude participants who have experiences or opinions that are very different from those of others in the study. 
D) Ask participants to comment on the conclusions being drawn from the study.

Question 11

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the external validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

Accepted Answer

A) Conduct the study in a real-life setting. 
B) Assure that you have a representative sample. 
C) Replicate the study under a variety of relevant conditions. 
D) Allow flexibility in procedures and instruments. 
A) Conduct the study in a real-life setting. 
B) Assure that you have a representative sample. 
C) Replicate the study under a variety of relevant conditions. 
D) Allow flexibility in procedures and instruments.

Question 12

Charlotte,an anthropologist,has been living in an Incan village for three years.During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community.When Charlotte was observing,she was collecting:

Accepted Answer

A) primary data. 
B) secondary data. 
C) informal data. 
D) nonempirical data. 
A) primary data. 
B) secondary data. 
C) informal data. 
D) nonempirical data.

Question 13

Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate:

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) internal reliability. 
D) external reliability. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) internal reliability. 
D) external reliability.

Question 14

Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver.Her book was widely read by other anthropologists,including Mira,who is an expert in Navaho weaving.For Mira,Charlotte's book constitutes:

Accepted Answer

A) hearsay data. 
B) secondary data. 
C) informal data. 
D) primary data. 
A) hearsay data. 
B) secondary data. 
C) informal data. 
D) primary data.

Question 15

A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity.She finds that the two instruments are highly related,which supports the ________ of the new instrument.

Accepted Answer

A) predictive validity 
B) content validity 
C) criterion validity 
D) face validity 
A) predictive validity 
B) content validity 
C) criterion validity 
D) face validity

Question 16

Professor Pickle is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens.She administers a survey of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April,then again in early May.By comparing the two sets of scores,the professor can assess the ________ reliability of her measure of civic-mindedness.

Accepted Answer

A) interrater 
B) internal consistency 
C) equivalent form 
D) test-retest 
A) interrater 
B) internal consistency 
C) equivalent form 
D) test-retest

Question 17

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the internal validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

Accepted Answer

A) Conduct the study in a controlled laboratory setting. 
B) Conduct a double-blind experiment. 
C) Make participants fully aware of your expected findings. 
D) Build in opportunities for triangulation. 
A) Conduct the study in a controlled laboratory setting. 
B) Conduct a double-blind experiment. 
C) Make participants fully aware of your expected findings. 
D) Build in opportunities for triangulation.

Question 18

An ordinal scale of measurement:

Accepted Answer

A) assigns a name to a category. 
B) is tied to an absolute zero. 
C) incorporates equal units of measurement. 
D) communicates greater than and less than relationships. 
A) assigns a name to a category. 
B) is tied to an absolute zero. 
C) incorporates equal units of measurement. 
D) communicates greater than and less than relationships.

Question 19

Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project.One question asks students to report how politically conservative they are.It includes a 7-point scale where 1 is "not at all conservative" and 7 is "extremely conservative." This is an example of a/an:

Accepted Answer

A) nominal scale. 
B) ordinal scale. 
C) interval scale. 
D) ratio scale. 
A) nominal scale. 
B) ordinal scale. 
C) interval scale. 
D) ratio scale.

Question 20

The primary role of the IRB is to

Accepted Answer

A) ensure researchers are aware of federal and state laws regarding the handling of data. 
B) ensure that research participants are protected from harm and invasion of privacy. 
C) provide institution-specific ethical guidelines for research involving humans. 
D) evaluate whether the researchers are qualified and the research will be meaningful. 
A) ensure researchers are aware of federal and state laws regarding the handling of data. 
B) ensure that research participants are protected from harm and invasion of privacy. 
C) provide institution-specific ethical guidelines for research involving humans. 
D) evaluate whether the researchers are qualified and the research will be meaningful.

The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them:

Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment.Marcy is most concerned with:

An interval scale of measurement:

Three of the following accurately characterize data.Which one does NOT necessarily characterize data?

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the credibility of a qualitative study.Which one is NOT?

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the external validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

Charlotte,an anthropologist,has been living in an Incan village for three years.During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community.When Charlotte was observing,she was collecting:

Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate:

Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver.Her book was widely read by other anthropologists,including Mira,who is an expert in Navaho weaving.For Mira,Charlotte's book constitutes:

A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity.She finds that the two instruments are highly related,which supports the ________ of the new instrument.

Professor Pickle is studying civic-mindedness among senior citizens.She administers a survey of civic mindedness to a senior citizens group in early April,then again in early May.By comparing the two sets of scores,the professor can assess the ________ reliability of her measure of civic-mindedness.

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the internal validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

An ordinal scale of measurement:

Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project.One question asks students to report how politically conservative they are.It includes a 7-point scale where 1 is "not at all conservative" and 7 is "extremely conservative." This is an example of a/an:

The primary role of the IRB is to

The Nature and Tools of Research

The Problem: the Heart of the Research Process

Review of the Related Literature

Writing the Research Proposal

Descriptive Research

Experimental, quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs

Qualitative Research Methods

Mixed-Methods Designs

Action Research and Participatory Designs

Analyzing Quantitative Data

Analyzing Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Data

Planning and Preparing a Final Research Report

Filters

Exam 4: Planning Your Research Project

The main difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that only one of them:

Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment.Marcy is most concerned with:

An interval scale of measurement:

Three of the following accurately characterize data.Which one does NOT necessarily characterize data?

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the credibility of a qualitative study.Which one is NOT?

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the external validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

Charlotte,an anthropologist,has been living in an Incan village for three years.During that time Charlotte has become expert in Incan weaving by observing and imitating the master weavers in the community.When Charlotte was observing,she was collecting:

Replications in experimental research are generally conducted to facilitate:

Charlotte wrote a book about her experience as an anthropologist living in an Incan village for three years and becoming an expert weaver.Her book was widely read by other anthropologists,including Mira,who is an expert in Navaho weaving.For Mira,Charlotte's book constitutes:

A researcher decides to use a high school sample to test the relationship between her new measure of empathy and a well-established measure of interpersonal sensitivity.She finds that the two instruments are highly related,which supports the ________ of the new instrument.

Three of the following are techniques for strengthening the internal validity of a study.Which one is NOT?

An ordinal scale of measurement:

Professor Harris is constructing a demographic questionnaire for use in a research project.One question asks students to report how politically conservative they are.It includes a 7-point scale where 1 is "not at all conservative" and 7 is "extremely conservative." This is an example of a/an:

The primary role of the IRB is to

The Nature and Tools of Research

The Problem: the Heart of the Research Process

Review of the Related Literature

Writing the Research Proposal

Descriptive Research

Experimental, quasi-Experimental, and Ex Post Facto Designs

Qualitative Research Methods

Mixed-Methods Designs

Action Research and Participatory Designs

Analyzing Quantitative Data

Analyzing Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Data

Planning and Preparing a Final Research Report

Filters