Question 1

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which of the following results was obtained? .

Accepted Answer

A)  MZ twins raised apart showed significantly higher concordance agreement) on traits than MZ twins raised together 
B)  MZ twins raised apart showed significantly lower concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together 
C)  MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together 
D)  MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than DZ twins raised together 
A)  MZ twins raised apart showed significantly higher concordance agreement) on traits than MZ twins raised together 
B)  MZ twins raised apart showed significantly lower concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together 
C)  MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than MZ twins raised together 
D)  MZ twins raised apart showed approximately similar concordance on traits than DZ twins raised together C

Question 2

An example of non-shared family environment effect on trait development would be

Accepted Answer

A)  Birth order 
B)  Social class 
C)  Parents' education 
D)  Parents' religion 
A)  Birth order 
B)  Social class 
C)  Parents' education 
D)  Parents' religion A

Question 3

Twin and adoption studies suggest that differences in shared environments e.g., overall family, warmth, social class, and other features of the family environment that siblings share) account for approximately what percentage of the variance of trait scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  70%-80% 
B)  40%-50% 
C)  20%-25% 
D)  0%-5% 
A)  70%-80% 
B)  40%-50% 
C)  20%-25% 
D)  0%-5% D

Question 4

With respect to differential continuity, which of the following statements is well-supported in longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stability over a given period of time say, 5 years) increases as people get older 
B)  Stability over a given period of time decreases as people get older 
C)  Traits are equally stable across the lifespan 
D)  Stability over a given period of time is strongest in early adulthood 
A)  Stability over a given period of time say, 5 years) increases as people get older 
B)  Stability over a given period of time decreases as people get older 
C)  Traits are equally stable across the lifespan 
D)  Stability over a given period of time is strongest in early adulthood

Question 5

Unique patterns of genetic combinations that affect behavioral tendencies in a nonlinear manner are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperament 
B)  Emergenisis 
C)  Evocative genotype influences 
D)  Nonshared environment effects 
A)  Temperament 
B)  Emergenisis 
C)  Evocative genotype influences 
D)  Nonshared environment effects

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of nonadditive genetic variance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even though MZ twins have all their genes in common and DZ twins have about half of their genes in common, MZ twins may be over twice as similar to each other as DZ twins are 
B)  The effects of genetics, non-shared environments, and shared environments may not add up to 100% 
C)  Adoptive siblings tend to be less like each other than are biologically related siblings 
D)  MZ twins raised together are less like each other than MZ twins raised apart 
A)  Even though MZ twins have all their genes in common and DZ twins have about half of their genes in common, MZ twins may be over twice as similar to each other as DZ twins are 
B)  The effects of genetics, non-shared environments, and shared environments may not add up to 100% 
C)  Adoptive siblings tend to be less like each other than are biologically related siblings 
D)  MZ twins raised together are less like each other than MZ twins raised apart

Question 7

Caspi's overall concept of the process by which temperament dimensions become more fully articulated personality traits is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning processes 
B)  Developmental elaboration 
C)  Environmental elicitation 
D)  Social and temporal comparisons 
A)  Learning processes 
B)  Developmental elaboration 
C)  Environmental elicitation 
D)  Social and temporal comparisons

Question 8

All of the following are true of the Q-sort methodology in personality assessment except

Accepted Answer

A)  Persons are compared to each other on absolute trait levels 
B)  It incorporates an ipsative ordering procedure for personality descriptors 
C)  It relies on ratings made by experts 
D)  Items are sorted into a normal distribution 
A)  Persons are compared to each other on absolute trait levels 
B)  It incorporates an ipsative ordering procedure for personality descriptors 
C)  It relies on ratings made by experts 
D)  Items are sorted into a normal distribution

Question 9

If the correlation coefficient of a given trait among MZ twins is +.50, and the correlation coefficient among DZ twins on the same trait is +.30, then the heritability quotient is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
A)  10% 
B)  20% 
C)  40% 
D)  60%

Question 10

Research by Jerome Kagan and other developmental psychologists identifies behavioral inhibition in infancy as a temperament pattern associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of arousal in the brain's limbic system 
B)  Low levels of arousal in the brain's limbic system 
C)  High levels of dopamine activity in the brain 
D)  Low levels of dopamine activity in the brain 
A)  High levels of arousal in the brain's limbic system 
B)  Low levels of arousal in the brain's limbic system 
C)  High levels of dopamine activity in the brain 
D)  Low levels of dopamine activity in the brain

Question 11

Differential continuity usually refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual's relative placement for a trait score within a group sample of trait scores over time 
B)  A group's change in mean trait scores over time 
C)  The relative rank ordering of scores on different traits for an individual over time 
D)  The variance in an individual's actual trait scores over time 
A)  An individual's relative placement for a trait score within a group sample of trait scores over time 
B)  A group's change in mean trait scores over time 
C)  The relative rank ordering of scores on different traits for an individual over time 
D)  The variance in an individual's actual trait scores over time

Question 12

Research involving temperament dispositions and environment indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  People select and create environments that reinforce their current temperamental dispositions 
B)  People select and create environments that change their current temperamental dispositions 
C)  Environments shape temperament dimensions rather than the other way around 
D)  People actively seek environments that complement, rather than match, their temperaments 
A)  People select and create environments that reinforce their current temperamental dispositions 
B)  People select and create environments that change their current temperamental dispositions 
C)  Environments shape temperament dimensions rather than the other way around 
D)  People actively seek environments that complement, rather than match, their temperaments

Question 13

A research design that measures personality traits in a single sample of individuals over time is a

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional study 
B)  Quasi-experimental study 
C)  Longitudinal study 
D)  Case study 
A)  Cross-sectional study 
B)  Quasi-experimental study 
C)  Longitudinal study 
D)  Case study

Question 14

Slow-to-warm-up babies are best characterized as showing

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative moods and low intensity of reactions 
B)  Negative moods and high intensity of reactions 
C)  Positive moods and low intensity of reactions 
D)  Positive moods and high intensity of reactions 
A)  Negative moods and low intensity of reactions 
B)  Negative moods and high intensity of reactions 
C)  Positive moods and low intensity of reactions 
D)  Positive moods and high intensity of reactions

Question 15

In his analysis of scientists from history, Frank Sulloway underscores the significance of birth order in the family. Which of the following statements best captures his central finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Later-borns tend to be more rebellious and open to experience than first-borns 
B)  Later-borns tend to be more conscientious and agreeable than first-borns 
C)  First-borns tend to show higher levels of neuroticism than later-borns 
D)  There is no difference in behavior and traits based on birth order 
A)  Later-borns tend to be more rebellious and open to experience than first-borns 
B)  Later-borns tend to be more conscientious and agreeable than first-borns 
C)  First-borns tend to show higher levels of neuroticism than later-borns 
D)  There is no difference in behavior and traits based on birth order

Question 16

Which of the following conclusions regarding the 5-HT serotonin transporter gene is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inheriting one or two short alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression 
B)  Inheriting two long alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression 
C)  Inheriting one or two short alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression only when high levels of stress are also experienced 
D)  Inheriting two long alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression only when high levels of stress are also experienced 
A)  Inheriting one or two short alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression 
B)  Inheriting two long alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression 
C)  Inheriting one or two short alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression only when high levels of stress are also experienced 
D)  Inheriting two long alleles of 5-HTTP is associated with depression only when high levels of stress are also experienced

Question 17

Research on personality traits indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  Most reliably measured traits are at least moderately heritable 
B)  Most reliably measured traits are primarily affected by environmental factors 
C)  Most reliably measured traits are linked directly to particular genes 
D)  Most reliably measured traits are associated with birth order 
A)  Most reliably measured traits are at least moderately heritable 
B)  Most reliably measured traits are primarily affected by environmental factors 
C)  Most reliably measured traits are linked directly to particular genes 
D)  Most reliably measured traits are associated with birth order

Question 18

What is ego resiliency?

Accepted Answer

A)  The capacity to modify one's impulses 
B)  The capacity to modify one's level of ego control 
C)  The capacity to modify one's opinions to fit the situation 
D)  The capacity to modify one's developmental elaboration 
A)  The capacity to modify one's impulses 
B)  The capacity to modify one's level of ego control 
C)  The capacity to modify one's opinions to fit the situation 
D)  The capacity to modify one's developmental elaboration

Question 19

If a particular behavior pattern is so strongly determined by genetics that all members of a population have the pattern in virtually equal amounts, then the heritability quotient for this pattern in this population is likely to be approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  0% 
A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  0%

Question 20

Studies examining the mean scores of the Big Five personality traits over time and across different cohorts suggest that as people get older

Accepted Answer

A)  A agreeableness) declines but C and N increase 
B)  N decline slightly, but A and C increase 
C)  0 increases throughout the lifespan 
D)  No mean differences in scores were reported 
A)  A agreeableness) declines but C and N increase 
B)  N decline slightly, but A and C increase 
C)  0 increases throughout the lifespan 
D)  No mean differences in scores were reported

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which of the following results was obtained? .

An example of non-shared family environment effect on trait development would be

Twin and adoption studies suggest that differences in shared environments e.g., overall family, warmth, social class, and other features of the family environment that siblings share) account for approximately what percentage of the variance of trait scores?

With respect to differential continuity, which of the following statements is well-supported in longitudinal research?

Unique patterns of genetic combinations that affect behavioral tendencies in a nonlinear manner are an example of

Which of the following is an example of nonadditive genetic variance?

Caspi's overall concept of the process by which temperament dimensions become more fully articulated personality traits is known as

All of the following are true of the Q-sort methodology in personality assessment except

If the correlation coefficient of a given trait among MZ twins is +.50, and the correlation coefficient among DZ twins on the same trait is +.30, then the heritability quotient is approximately

Research by Jerome Kagan and other developmental psychologists identifies behavioral inhibition in infancy as a temperament pattern associated with

Differential continuity usually refers to

Research involving temperament dispositions and environment indicates that

A research design that measures personality traits in a single sample of individuals over time is a

Slow-to-warm-up babies are best characterized as showing

In his analysis of scientists from history, Frank Sulloway underscores the significance of birth order in the family. Which of the following statements best captures his central finding?

Which of the following conclusions regarding the 5-HT serotonin transporter gene is supported by research?

Research on personality traits indicates

What is ego resiliency?

If a particular behavior pattern is so strongly determined by genetics that all members of a population have the pattern in virtually equal amounts, then the heritability quotient for this pattern in this population is likely to be approximately

Studies examining the mean scores of the Big Five personality traits over time and across different cohorts suggest that as people get older

Studying the Person

Evolution and Human Nature

Social Learning and Culture

Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues

Five Basic Traits in the Brain and in Behavior

Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life

Self and Other: Social-Cognitive Aspects of Personality

Developmental Stages and Tasks

Life Scripts, Life Stories

Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today

Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course

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Exam 6: Continuity and Change in Traits: the Roles of Genes, Environments, and Time

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which of the following results was obtained? .

An example of non-shared family environment effect on trait development would be

Twin and adoption studies suggest that differences in shared environments e.g., overall family, warmth, social class, and other features of the family environment that siblings share) account for approximately what percentage of the variance of trait scores?

With respect to differential continuity, which of the following statements is well-supported in longitudinal research?

Unique patterns of genetic combinations that affect behavioral tendencies in a nonlinear manner are an example of

Which of the following is an example of nonadditive genetic variance?

Caspi's overall concept of the process by which temperament dimensions become more fully articulated personality traits is known as

All of the following are true of the Q-sort methodology in personality assessment except

If the correlation coefficient of a given trait among MZ twins is +.50, and the correlation coefficient among DZ twins on the same trait is +.30, then the heritability quotient is approximately

Research by Jerome Kagan and other developmental psychologists identifies behavioral inhibition in infancy as a temperament pattern associated with

Differential continuity usually refers to

Research involving temperament dispositions and environment indicates that

A research design that measures personality traits in a single sample of individuals over time is a

Slow-to-warm-up babies are best characterized as showing

In his analysis of scientists from history, Frank Sulloway underscores the significance of birth order in the family. Which of the following statements best captures his central finding?

Which of the following conclusions regarding the 5-HT serotonin transporter gene is supported by research?

Research on personality traits indicates

What is ego resiliency?

If a particular behavior pattern is so strongly determined by genetics that all members of a population have the pattern in virtually equal amounts, then the heritability quotient for this pattern in this population is likely to be approximately

Studies examining the mean scores of the Big Five personality traits over time and across different cohorts suggest that as people get older

Studying the Person

Evolution and Human Nature

Social Learning and Culture

Personality Traits: Fundamental Concepts and Issues

Five Basic Traits in the Brain and in Behavior

Motives and Goals: What Do We Want in Life

Self and Other: Social-Cognitive Aspects of Personality

Developmental Stages and Tasks

Life Scripts, Life Stories

Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today

Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course

Filters