Question 1

Creole is a language that:

Accepted Answer

A)  is acquired after Pidgin. 
B)  is invented by people thrown together without a common language. It typically draws lexical items from one or more of the contact languages but develops its own primitive syntax. 
C)  is learned by children born into a community in which a pidgin language is used as a common means of communication. The children add to the language and develop syntax complexities. 
D)  is developed by children who were taken from environment and placed in another before their first language syntax was complete. 
A)  is acquired after Pidgin. 
B)  is invented by people thrown together without a common language. It typically draws lexical items from one or more of the contact languages but develops its own primitive syntax. 
C)  is learned by children born into a community in which a pidgin language is used as a common means of communication. The children add to the language and develop syntax complexities. 
D)  is developed by children who were taken from environment and placed in another before their first language syntax was complete. D

Question 2

Research on split-brain patients:

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrates that language is impaired when the corpus collosum is severed. 
B)  provides evidence on how individuals with impaired communication develop language skills. 
C)  provides information on how each side of the brain performs language functions. 
D)  indicates that language is primarily stored on the right side of the brain. 
A)  demonstrates that language is impaired when the corpus collosum is severed. 
B)  provides evidence on how individuals with impaired communication develop language skills. 
C)  provides information on how each side of the brain performs language functions. 
D)  indicates that language is primarily stored on the right side of the brain. C

Question 3

Research on adults who learn English as a second language demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of years in the new language community influences how much language the individual acquires. 
B)  the age of arrival in the new community determines the accent of the immigrant. 
C)  both number of years and age of arrival in the new community affect the immigrant's accent. 
D)  None of these answers are true. 
A)  the number of years in the new language community influences how much language the individual acquires. 
B)  the age of arrival in the new community determines the accent of the immigrant. 
C)  both number of years and age of arrival in the new community affect the immigrant's accent. 
D)  None of these answers are true. D

Question 4

One of the changes observed during the development of Nicaraguan sign language was that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children acquired differing spatial modulations of sign language at younger ages over time. 
B)  comparisons between younger and older children showed that signs for objects became more complex for the older children. 
C)  use of structure in the language changed from a structurally simpler language over time to a more complex structure of language. 
D)  the location of where signs were placed for nouns became more complex over time. 
A)  children acquired differing spatial modulations of sign language at younger ages over time. 
B)  comparisons between younger and older children showed that signs for objects became more complex for the older children. 
C)  use of structure in the language changed from a structurally simpler language over time to a more complex structure of language. 
D)  the location of where signs were placed for nouns became more complex over time.

Question 5

Non-biological influences on second language acquisition include:

Accepted Answer

A)  input conditions, which differ between children and adults. 
B)  the age at which the learner is exposed to the new language. 
C)  social and psychological variables. 
D)  All of these answers are true. 
A)  input conditions, which differ between children and adults. 
B)  the age at which the learner is exposed to the new language. 
C)  social and psychological variables. 
D)  All of these answers are true.

Question 6

The equipotentiality hypothesis holds that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the left hemisphere is specialized for language at birth. 
B)  the right hemisphere is specialized for language at birth. 
C)  the right and left hemisphere have equal capacity for language at birth. 
D)  language is equally well-processed by both hemispheres throughout childhood. 
A)  the left hemisphere is specialized for language at birth. 
B)  the right hemisphere is specialized for language at birth. 
C)  the right and left hemisphere have equal capacity for language at birth. 
D)  language is equally well-processed by both hemispheres throughout childhood.

Question 7

The ERP, or event-related brain potential, method of studying the brain is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  to examine lesions, or localized areas of damaged brain tissue. 
B)  to provide a unique explanation of how each hemisphere of the brain functions. 
C)  when placing electrodes on the scalp and monitoring the electrical potential of neurons. 
D)  to wave more accurate results with infants or young children than with adults. 
A)  to examine lesions, or localized areas of damaged brain tissue. 
B)  to provide a unique explanation of how each hemisphere of the brain functions. 
C)  when placing electrodes on the scalp and monitoring the electrical potential of neurons. 
D)  to wave more accurate results with infants or young children than with adults.

Question 8

Newly emerging research suggests there is evidence of the brain's "plasticity". Discuss what this means and how it relates to what is known about brain development and language development.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the brain's "plasticity"

Question 9

One area of evidence for language as a universal human characteristic is the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  young children learn language from their caretakers. 
B)  adults use motherese with their offspring. 
C)  some animal species acquire language. 
D)  all human beings, barring impairment, are capable of language learning. 
A)  young children learn language from their caretakers. 
B)  adults use motherese with their offspring. 
C)  some animal species acquire language. 
D)  all human beings, barring impairment, are capable of language learning.

Question 10

Neural plasticity means:

Accepted Answer

A)  parts of the brain are able to take over functions that they would normally not serve. 
B)  all parts of the brain are equally capable of performing all functions. 
C)  individual parts of the brain rejuvenate after injury. 
D)  the brain becomes more flexible with increasing age. 
A)  parts of the brain are able to take over functions that they would normally not serve. 
B)  all parts of the brain are equally capable of performing all functions. 
C)  individual parts of the brain rejuvenate after injury. 
D)  the brain becomes more flexible with increasing age.

Question 11

Current research on aphasia and brain injury prior to language indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children store language in the same centers of the brain as adults. 
B)  brain damage prior to language causes the same general delays for expressive language and language comprehension. 
C)  children who suffer brain damage in infancy reflect a different relation of injury to site than do studies of adults. 
D)  early left hemisphere damage impairs language acquisition more than later right hemisphere damage. 
A)  children store language in the same centers of the brain as adults. 
B)  brain damage prior to language causes the same general delays for expressive language and language comprehension. 
C)  children who suffer brain damage in infancy reflect a different relation of injury to site than do studies of adults. 
D)  early left hemisphere damage impairs language acquisition more than later right hemisphere damage.

Question 12

Discuss the range of studies that inform research on the degree of the genetic basis of language development. Include a review of the literature on twin studies, evidence of environmental effects, and on the genetics of language impairment.

Accepted Answer

Research on the degree of the genetic ba

Question 13

The invariance hypothesis refers to the view that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children and adults have the same potential for processing language in the left hemisphere. 
B)  is opposite to the equipotentiality hypothesis. 
C)  specialization for language is normally in the right hemisphere for children. 
D)  children have the potential to process language only in the left hemisphere. 
A)  children and adults have the same potential for processing language in the left hemisphere. 
B)  is opposite to the equipotentiality hypothesis. 
C)  specialization for language is normally in the right hemisphere for children. 
D)  children have the potential to process language only in the left hemisphere.

Question 14

Compare and contrast how species other than human beings learn language, to how human beings learn language.

Accepted Answer

There are various species other than hum

Question 15

Dichotic listening experiments examined adults and found that there is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a right-ear advantage for speech stimuli. 
B)  a right-ear advantage for adult users of language. 
C)  a left-ear advantage for adult users of language. 
D)  evidence of the invariance hypothesis. 
A)  a right-ear advantage for speech stimuli. 
B)  a right-ear advantage for adult users of language. 
C)  a left-ear advantage for adult users of language. 
D)  evidence of the invariance hypothesis.

Question 16

Pidgin is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  second language. 
B)  language invented by people thrown together without a common language. It typically draws lexical items from one or more of the contact languages, but develops its own primitive syntax. 
C)  language developed by children who were taken out of one environment and placed in another before their first language syntax was complete. 
D)  language that develops in second generations from the simple language that two groups have developed to communicate in the absence of a common language. 
A)  second language. 
B)  language invented by people thrown together without a common language. It typically draws lexical items from one or more of the contact languages, but develops its own primitive syntax. 
C)  language developed by children who were taken out of one environment and placed in another before their first language syntax was complete. 
D)  language that develops in second generations from the simple language that two groups have developed to communicate in the absence of a common language.

Question 17

Broca's area is in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  front part of the left hemisphere near the part of the cortex that controls movement. 
B)  rear part of the left hemisphere next to the primary auditory cortex. 
C)  front part of the right hemisphere near the part of the cortex that controls movement. 
D)  front part of the left hemisphere that displays localization of function. 
A)  front part of the left hemisphere near the part of the cortex that controls movement. 
B)  rear part of the left hemisphere next to the primary auditory cortex. 
C)  front part of the right hemisphere near the part of the cortex that controls movement. 
D)  front part of the left hemisphere that displays localization of function.

Question 18

ERP research on adults provides:

Accepted Answer

A)  information that certain areas of the brain are associated with specific language processing functions. 
B)  poor information about what is detected on the surface of the brain. 
C)  a non-invasive way to study functional asymmetry. 
D)  little information about how syntactic rules are applied to spoken language. 
A)  information that certain areas of the brain are associated with specific language processing functions. 
B)  poor information about what is detected on the surface of the brain. 
C)  a non-invasive way to study functional asymmetry. 
D)  little information about how syntactic rules are applied to spoken language.

Question 19

The story of Genie suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  by age eight, a left hemisphere that has never been used for language has lost that capacity. 
B)  humans do not lose their capacity to develop language. 
C)  by age 13, a left hemisphere that has never been used for language has lost that capacity. 
D)  after age 13, the right hemisphere will take over so that language will develop normally after that time. 
A)  by age eight, a left hemisphere that has never been used for language has lost that capacity. 
B)  humans do not lose their capacity to develop language. 
C)  by age 13, a left hemisphere that has never been used for language has lost that capacity. 
D)  after age 13, the right hemisphere will take over so that language will develop normally after that time.

Question 20

Evidence for individual and sex-related differences indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  women tend to have stronger right hemisphere language functions than men. 
B)  women show more bilateral participation in language than men. 
C)  brain organization is related to sex-difference. 
D)  people who are left-handed have stronger right hemisphere language functions. 
A)  women tend to have stronger right hemisphere language functions than men. 
B)  women show more bilateral participation in language than men. 
C)  brain organization is related to sex-difference. 
D)  people who are left-handed have stronger right hemisphere language functions.

Creole is a language that:

Research on split-brain patients:

Research on adults who learn English as a second language demonstrates that:

One of the changes observed during the development of Nicaraguan sign language was that:

Non-biological influences on second language acquisition include:

The equipotentiality hypothesis holds that:

The ERP, or event-related brain potential, method of studying the brain is used:

Newly emerging research suggests there is evidence of the brain's "plasticity". Discuss what this means and how it relates to what is known about brain development and language development.

One area of evidence for language as a universal human characteristic is the fact that:

Neural plasticity means:

Current research on aphasia and brain injury prior to language indicates that:

Discuss the range of studies that inform research on the degree of the genetic basis of language development. Include a review of the literature on twin studies, evidence of environmental effects, and on the genetics of language impairment.

The invariance hypothesis refers to the view that:

Compare and contrast how species other than human beings learn language, to how human beings learn language.

Dichotic listening experiments examined adults and found that there is:

Pidgin is a:

Broca's area is in the:

ERP research on adults provides:

The story of Genie suggests that:

Evidence for individual and sex-related differences indicates that:

Introduction to the Study of Language Development

Communicative Development: Foundations and Functions of Language

Phonological Development: Learning the Sounds of Language

Lexical Development: Learning Words

The Development of Syntax and Morphology: Learning the Structure of Language

Language, Culture, and Cognition in Development

Childhood Bilingualism

Language in School Years

Language Development in Special Populations

Filters

Exam 2: Biological Bases of Language Development

Creole is a language that:

Research on split-brain patients:

Research on adults who learn English as a second language demonstrates that:

One of the changes observed during the development of Nicaraguan sign language was that:

Non-biological influences on second language acquisition include:

The equipotentiality hypothesis holds that:

The ERP, or event-related brain potential, method of studying the brain is used:

Newly emerging research suggests there is evidence of the brain's "plasticity". Discuss what this means and how it relates to what is known about brain development and language development.

One area of evidence for language as a universal human characteristic is the fact that:

Neural plasticity means:

Current research on aphasia and brain injury prior to language indicates that:

Discuss the range of studies that inform research on the degree of the genetic basis of language development. Include a review of the literature on twin studies, evidence of environmental effects, and on the genetics of language impairment.

The invariance hypothesis refers to the view that:

Compare and contrast how species other than human beings learn language, to how human beings learn language.

Dichotic listening experiments examined adults and found that there is:

Pidgin is a:

Broca's area is in the:

ERP research on adults provides:

The story of Genie suggests that:

Evidence for individual and sex-related differences indicates that:

Introduction to the Study of Language Development

Communicative Development: Foundations and Functions of Language

Phonological Development: Learning the Sounds of Language

Lexical Development: Learning Words

The Development of Syntax and Morphology: Learning the Structure of Language

Language, Culture, and Cognition in Development

Childhood Bilingualism

Language in School Years

Language Development in Special Populations

Filters