Question 1

What is direct instruction and why is it used? Include a brief summary of the steps for direct instruction in your response.

Accepted Answer

Arguments that show the effectiveness of direct instruction would fit well as an introduction. The cognitive processes implicated in learning disabilities should be linked to the suitability of direct instruction. Steps for direct instruction are:
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Identify specific objectives.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Develop plans to have student meet objectives.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Introduce single concepts in preplanned lessons.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Select multiple examples (such as this is red) and non-examples (this is not red).
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Be scrupulous about sequencing skills appropriately and in small steps.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Provide ample practice opportunities (both guided and independent).

Question 2

What is known about internal and external causes of learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

An introductory or closing statement/disclaimer about the speculative nature of this discussion would be very appropriate. The point: Evidence about specific causes of learning disabilities is in dispute.
Internal factors associated with learning disabilities tend to be brain related and can be a function of developmental delays, genetic structure, and teratogenic reactions in utero. Variables like diet, chemicals in the environment, and additives have been implicated by a variety of researchers. Students might cite the Feingold diet as an example.
Learning style and home life might be variables that influence a student's ability to be successful in school. These factors are associated with motivation, instructional methods, and matching instruction to student needs.

Question 3

What is reading fluency, and what is the nature of interventions to improve reading fluency?

Accepted Answer

Reading fluency is rate and accuracy in reading. Historical interventions have focused on
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 having students practice reading a piece of text orally several times (called repeated readings).
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 readings being first modeled by the teacher or a peer, and sometimes, the student just practices improving his or her time and accuracy independently.
Recent interventions focus on
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 trying to improve not only the rate and accuracy of oral reading, but also on strengthening the ties between fluent reading and comprehension.
F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 teaching of strategies that involve previewing text, summarizing paragraphs, reading with inflection, or monitoring errors to improve not only fluency, but comprehension as well.

Question 4

Word analysis skills typically include

Accepted Answer

A)  metacomprehension of text. 
B)  ability to determine deep structure. 
C)  phonic analysis (that is, the ability to associate sounds with various letters). 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  metacomprehension of text. 
B)  ability to determine deep structure. 
C)  phonic analysis (that is, the ability to associate sounds with various letters). 
D)  object permanence.

Question 5

Pragmatics of language refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  meaning of words. 
B)  grammatical and syntactical structure of oral and written communication. 
C)  ability to use language effectively in different settings and for different purposes. 
D)  sounds of language. 
A)  meaning of words. 
B)  grammatical and syntactical structure of oral and written communication. 
C)  ability to use language effectively in different settings and for different purposes. 
D)  sounds of language.

Question 6

Choose and describe one of the five cognitive processes that may cause difficulties for students with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Students should provide a brief descript

Question 7

What is literal comprehension?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to infer unspecified information from the reading passage 
B)  The ability to analyze the sounds of a word 
C)  The ability to identify specifically stated information from the text 
D)  The same as inferential comprehension 
A)  The ability to infer unspecified information from the reading passage 
B)  The ability to analyze the sounds of a word 
C)  The ability to identify specifically stated information from the text 
D)  The same as inferential comprehension

Question 8

What is strategy instruction? Give examples. What are the arguments for and against its use with students with learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Students should explain that strategy in

Question 9

Which of the following areas is NOT identified in the IDEA definition of a learning disability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oral expression 
B)  Mathematics reasoning 
C)  Reading comprehension 
D)  Spelling 
A)  Oral expression 
B)  Mathematics reasoning 
C)  Reading comprehension 
D)  Spelling

Question 10

Which statement about spelling errors made by students with learning disabilities is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to be phonetically similar to the actual word. 
B)  They are mainly found in the beginning sounds of the spelled words. 
C)  They are a function of failing to use context clues. 
D)  They tend to be associated with perceptual disorders. 
A)  They tend to be phonetically similar to the actual word. 
B)  They are mainly found in the beginning sounds of the spelled words. 
C)  They are a function of failing to use context clues. 
D)  They tend to be associated with perceptual disorders.

Question 11

Assessment of learning disabilities may include

Accepted Answer

A)  standardized testing procedures. 
B)  a response to intervention approach. 
C)  progress monitoring data. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  standardized testing procedures. 
B)  a response to intervention approach. 
C)  progress monitoring data. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 12

According to the current federal definition, which statement about specific learning disabilities is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A specific learning disability affects the understanding or use of spoken or written language. 
B)  A specific learning disability may include affective and academic disabilities. 
C)  A specific learning disability is equally likely to affect persons who have intellectual disabilities or are gifted. 
D)  A specific learning disability is determined by a measure of an adaptive behavior. 
A)  A specific learning disability affects the understanding or use of spoken or written language. 
B)  A specific learning disability may include affective and academic disabilities. 
C)  A specific learning disability is equally likely to affect persons who have intellectual disabilities or are gifted. 
D)  A specific learning disability is determined by a measure of an adaptive behavior.

Question 13

Describe what is meant by response to intervention (RTI) and outline the key components of this approach to assessment and instruction.

Accepted Answer

The response should mention:
F1F1F1S1F1

Question 14

Small-group instruction, response signals, choral responding, and corrective feedback are components of

Accepted Answer

A)  whole language instruction. 
B)  direct instruction. 
C)  task analysis. 
D)  strategy instruction. 
A)  whole language instruction. 
B)  direct instruction. 
C)  task analysis. 
D)  strategy instruction.

Question 15

The STAR strategy is used to solve

Accepted Answer

A)  subtraction problems. 
B)  reasoning problems. 
C)  addition problems. 
D)  math word problems. 
A)  subtraction problems. 
B)  reasoning problems. 
C)  addition problems. 
D)  math word problems.

Question 16

The three most important areas for teachers to evaluate when determining how to use technology with children with learning disabilities are:

Accepted Answer

A)  class size, desk size, and computer memory. 
B)  student preskills, individual student mobility, and student motivation. 
C)  student access, instructional purpose, and individual student needs. 
D)  accessible hardware, available software, technology support staff. 
A)  class size, desk size, and computer memory. 
B)  student preskills, individual student mobility, and student motivation. 
C)  student access, instructional purpose, and individual student needs. 
D)  accessible hardware, available software, technology support staff.

Question 17

Identification of a child as being at risk for a learning disability

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally associated with a single compelling risk factor. 
B)  is based on a narrow definition of normal behavior in young children. 
C)  generally includes a prediction of the specific type of disability suspected. 
D)  is made difficult by the predictive validity of the assessment instruments used with young children. 
A)  is generally associated with a single compelling risk factor. 
B)  is based on a narrow definition of normal behavior in young children. 
C)  generally includes a prediction of the specific type of disability suspected. 
D)  is made difficult by the predictive validity of the assessment instruments used with young children.

Question 18

The federal definition of learning disabilities no longer requires which of the following to be considered when identifying students who may have this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement/ability discrepancy. 
B)  exclusion cause. 
C)  disability areas of oral expression and listening comprehension. 
D)  assumed disorder in one or more basic psychological processes. 
A)  achievement/ability discrepancy. 
B)  exclusion cause. 
C)  disability areas of oral expression and listening comprehension. 
D)  assumed disorder in one or more basic psychological processes.

Question 19

Metacognition

Accepted Answer

A)  includes the skills of monitoring and evaluating one's own performance. 
B)  is another name for memory. 
C)  does not include any decision-making processes. 
D)  is related to only a few types of learning. 
A)  includes the skills of monitoring and evaluating one's own performance. 
B)  is another name for memory. 
C)  does not include any decision-making processes. 
D)  is related to only a few types of learning.

Question 20

Students with learning disabilities tend to be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  reflective. 
B)  impulsive. 
C)  intentional. 
D)  well-organized. 
A)  reflective. 
B)  impulsive. 
C)  intentional. 
D)  well-organized.

What is direct instruction and why is it used? Include a brief summary of the steps for direct instruction in your response.

What is known about internal and external causes of learning disabilities?

What is reading fluency, and what is the nature of interventions to improve reading fluency?

Word analysis skills typically include

Pragmatics of language refers to the

Choose and describe one of the five cognitive processes that may cause difficulties for students with learning disabilities.

What is literal comprehension?

What is strategy instruction? Give examples. What are the arguments for and against its use with students with learning disabilities?

Which of the following areas is NOT identified in the IDEA definition of a learning disability?

Which statement about spelling errors made by students with learning disabilities is correct?

Assessment of learning disabilities may include

According to the current federal definition, which statement about specific learning disabilities is correct?

Describe what is meant by response to intervention (RTI) and outline the key components of this approach to assessment and instruction.

Small-group instruction, response signals, choral responding, and corrective feedback are components of

The STAR strategy is used to solve

The three most important areas for teachers to evaluate when determining how to use technology with children with learning disabilities are:

Identification of a child as being at risk for a learning disability

The federal definition of learning disabilities no longer requires which of the following to be considered when identifying students who may have this condition?

Metacognition

Students with learning disabilities tend to be described as

An Introduction to Special Education

The Special and General Education Relationship: New Trends and Challenges

Risk Factors and Early Intervention

Families of Children With Disabilities

Children With Intellectual Disabilities

Children With Severe Disabilities

Children With Behavior Disorders

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children With Communication Disorders

Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Children Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision

Children With Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments

Children Who Are Gifted and Talented

Filters

Exam 5: Children With Learning Disabilities

What is direct instruction and why is it used? Include a brief summary of the steps for direct instruction in your response.

What is known about internal and external causes of learning disabilities?

What is reading fluency, and what is the nature of interventions to improve reading fluency?

Word analysis skills typically include

Pragmatics of language refers to the

Choose and describe one of the five cognitive processes that may cause difficulties for students with learning disabilities.

What is literal comprehension?

What is strategy instruction? Give examples. What are the arguments for and against its use with students with learning disabilities?

Which of the following areas is NOT identified in the IDEA definition of a learning disability?

Which statement about spelling errors made by students with learning disabilities is correct?

Assessment of learning disabilities may include

According to the current federal definition, which statement about specific learning disabilities is correct?

Describe what is meant by response to intervention (RTI) and outline the key components of this approach to assessment and instruction.

Small-group instruction, response signals, choral responding, and corrective feedback are components of

The STAR strategy is used to solve

The three most important areas for teachers to evaluate when determining how to use technology with children with learning disabilities are:

Identification of a child as being at risk for a learning disability

The federal definition of learning disabilities no longer requires which of the following to be considered when identifying students who may have this condition?

Metacognition

Students with learning disabilities tend to be described as

An Introduction to Special Education

The Special and General Education Relationship: New Trends and Challenges

Risk Factors and Early Intervention

Families of Children With Disabilities

Children With Intellectual Disabilities

Children With Severe Disabilities

Children With Behavior Disorders

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children With Communication Disorders

Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

Children Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision

Children With Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments

Children Who Are Gifted and Talented

Filters