Question 1

In beta-plus decay,a proton in the nucleus is converted to a neutron,a positron,and a neutrino.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

An ancient rock is found to contain 40Ar gas,indicating that 77% of the 40K in the rock has decayed since the rock solidified.Any argon would have boiled out of liquid rock.How long ago did the rock solidify? The half-life of 40K is 1.25 billion years.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.6 billion years 
B) 0.5 billion years 
C) 1.8 billion years 
D) 0.3 billion years 
A) 2.6 billion years 
B) 0.5 billion years 
C) 1.8 billion years 
D) 0.3 billion years A

Question 3

A radioactive nuclide of atomic number Z emits an electron,then the daughter nuclide emits a gamma ray.What is the atomic number of the resulting nuclide after both processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Z+1 
B) Z-1 
C) Z-2 
D) Z-3 
A) Z+1 
B) Z-1 
C) Z-2 
D) Z-3 A

Question 4

How much energy is released in the total fission of 2.0 g of 235U? The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.6 × 1011 J 
B) 3.9 × 1013 J 
C) 1.6 × 105 J 
D) 3.9 × 1010 J 
A) 1.6 × 1011 J 
B) 3.9 × 1013 J 
C) 1.6 × 105 J 
D) 3.9 × 1010 J

Question 5

Neutrons are slightly more massive than protons.If the mass of a neutron were smaller than its actual value,yet still more massive than a proton,a nucleus with a very high atomic number would most likely contain

Accepted Answer

A) more neutrons than the actual number. 
B) fewer neutrons than the actual number. 
C) the same number of neutrons as the actual number. 
A) more neutrons than the actual number. 
B) fewer neutrons than the actual number. 
C) the same number of neutrons as the actual number.

Question 6

Because neutrons and protons are approximately 1837 times as massive as electrons,the strong force acts on them approximately 1837 times as much as it acts on electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when the right number of 4He nuclei combined to make 12C? M(4He)c2 = 3728.40 MeV.

Accepted Answer

A) 7.320 MeV 
B) 3716 MeV 
C) 8.424 MeV 
D) 2.106 MeV 
A) 7.320 MeV 
B) 3716 MeV 
C) 8.424 MeV 
D) 2.106 MeV

Question 8

The decay constant of a radioactive nuclide is 1.6 ×10-3s-1.At a given instant,the number of atoms of the radioactive nuclide is 1.85 ×1012.The number of atoms of the nuclide that remain after a time interval of 30 minutes is closest to:

Accepted Answer

A) 1.04 × 1011 
B) 1.14 × 1011 
C) 1.26 × 1011 
D) 1.38 × 1011 
E) 1.52 × 1011 
A) 1.04 × 1011 
B) 1.14 × 1011 
C) 1.26 × 1011 
D) 1.38 × 1011 
E) 1.52 × 1011

Question 9

The majority of known nuclei are stable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Approximately what fraction of the volume of an atom is made up of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) 10-15 
B) 10-6 
C) 10-1 
D) 10-24 
A) 10-15 
B) 10-6 
C) 10-1 
D) 10-24

Question 11

About how many days are required for a radioactive sample,with an initial activity of 105 Bq,to decay to an activity of 100 Bq? The half-life of the material is 4.5 days.

Accepted Answer

A) about 45 days 
B) about 36 days 
C) about 54 days 
D) about 31 days 
A) about 45 days 
B) about 36 days 
C) about 54 days 
D) about 31 days

Question 12

A summary of the nuclear reactions that power our sun can be written as 4p F1S1S1W1F1F1F10 4He + 2e-,with masses of 938.272 MeV/c2 for proton,3727.38 MeV/c2 for helium,and 0.511 MeV/c2 for electrons.If this is the reaction that occurs,how much energy is released?

Accepted Answer

A) 24.69 MeV 
B) 28.3 MeV 
C) 2790.13 MeV 
D) 279.01 MeV 
A) 24.69 MeV 
B) 28.3 MeV 
C) 2790.13 MeV 
D) 279.01 MeV

Question 13

In massive stars,three helium atoms fuse together,forming a carbon nucleus.This reaction heats the core of the star.The net mass of the three helium nuclei must therefore be

Accepted Answer

A) higher than that of the carbon nucleus. 
B) less than that of the carbon nucleus. 
C) the same as that of the carbon nucleus (mass is always conserved). 
A) higher than that of the carbon nucleus. 
B) less than that of the carbon nucleus. 
C) the same as that of the carbon nucleus (mass is always conserved).

Question 14

Neodymium 144Nd is a nuclide that undergoes alpha decay.The nuclide that is the product of the decay is:

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 15

An air sample is contaminated with 15O,which has a half-life of 2.03 minutes.You can pass it through a long pipe to allow it to decay until it can be safely released,at an air speed of 1.1 m/s.How long must your pipeline be for the sample to decay to 3% of its original activity?

Accepted Answer

A) 678 m 
B) 8 m 
C) 7 m 
D) 2 m 
A) 678 m 
B) 8 m 
C) 7 m 
D) 2 m

Question 16

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of 14C in our atmosphere.When future archaeologists date samples from this era,without knowing of this testing,will their dates be too young? Too old? Correct? If correct,why?

Accepted Answer

A) too young 
B) too old 
C) Correct,since 14C from bomb tests is different from that produced naturally. 
D) Correct,because modern biological materials do not gather 14C from bomb tests. 
A) too young 
B) too old 
C) Correct,since 14C from bomb tests is different from that produced naturally. 
D) Correct,because modern biological materials do not gather 14C from bomb tests.

Question 17

The maximum permissible workday dose for occupational exposure to radiation is 18 mrem.A 54 kg laboratory technician absorbs 2.6 mJ of 0.3 MeV gamma rays in a work day.The relative biological efficiency (RBE)for gamma rays is 1.00.The ratio of the equivalent dosage received by the technician to the maximum permissible equivalent dosage is closest to:

Accepted Answer

A) 0.27 
B) 0.29 
C) 0.32 
D) 0.35 
E) 0.37 
A) 0.27 
B) 0.29 
C) 0.32 
D) 0.35 
E) 0.37

Question 18

How much energy is released when 0.600 µg of 3H have decayed to 3He? Use 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,M(3He)= 3.01493 u,and M(3H)= 3.01550 u.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.02 × 104 J 
B) 5.12 × 103 J 
C) 3.41 × 103 J 
D) 3.07 × 104 J 
A) 1.02 × 104 J 
B) 5.12 × 103 J 
C) 3.41 × 103 J 
D) 3.07 × 104 J

Question 19

The stability of   with respect to alpha,beta-plus,and beta-minus decay is to be determined.The following atomic masses in amu are known:   4.002603   7.016928   11.009305   11.011433   11.026742 The   nuclide is

Accepted Answer

A) not subject to alpha,beta-plus,or beta-minus decay. 
B) subject to alpha decay only. 
C) subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D) subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E) subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay,but not to alpha decay. 
A) not subject to alpha,beta-plus,or beta-minus decay. 
B) subject to alpha decay only. 
C) subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D) subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E) subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay,but not to alpha decay.

Question 20

If an element emits one alpha particle,its atomic number decreases by

Accepted Answer

A) two. 
B) one. 
C) four. 
D) zero. 
A) two. 
B) one. 
C) four. 
D) zero.

Exam 30: Nuclear Physics

In beta-plus decay,a proton in the nucleus is converted to a neutron,a positron,and a neutrino.

An ancient rock is found to contain 40Ar gas,indicating that 77% of the 40K in the rock has decayed since the rock solidified.Any argon would have boiled out of liquid rock.How long ago did the rock solidify? The half-life of 40K is 1.25 billion years.

A radioactive nuclide of atomic number Z emits an electron,then the daughter nuclide emits a gamma ray.What is the atomic number of the resulting nuclide after both processes?

How much energy is released in the total fission of 2.0 g of 235U? The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.

Neutrons are slightly more massive than protons.If the mass of a neutron were smaller than its actual value,yet still more massive than a proton,a nucleus with a very high atomic number would most likely contain

Because neutrons and protons are approximately 1837 times as massive as electrons,the strong force acts on them approximately 1837 times as much as it acts on electrons.

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when the right number of 4He nuclei combined to make 12C? M(4He)c2 = 3728.40 MeV.

The decay constant of a radioactive nuclide is 1.6 ×10-3s-1.At a given instant,the number of atoms of the radioactive nuclide is 1.85 ×1012.The number of atoms of the nuclide that remain after a time interval of 30 minutes is closest to:

The majority of known nuclei are stable.

Approximately what fraction of the volume of an atom is made up of the nucleus?

About how many days are required for a radioactive sample,with an initial activity of 105 Bq,to decay to an activity of 100 Bq? The half-life of the material is 4.5 days.

A summary of the nuclear reactions that power our sun can be written as 4p  4He + 2e-,with masses of 938.272 MeV/c2 for proton,3727.38 MeV/c2 for helium,and 0.511 MeV/c2 for electrons.If this is the reaction that occurs,how much energy is released?

In massive stars,three helium atoms fuse together,forming a carbon nucleus.This reaction heats the core of the star.The net mass of the three helium nuclei must therefore be

Neodymium 144Nd is a nuclide that undergoes alpha decay.The nuclide that is the product of the decay is:

An air sample is contaminated with 15O,which has a half-life of 2.03 minutes.You can pass it through a long pipe to allow it to decay until it can be safely released,at an air speed of 1.1 m/s.How long must your pipeline be for the sample to decay to 3% of its original activity?

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of 14C in our atmosphere.When future archaeologists date samples from this era,without knowing of this testing,will their dates be too young? Too old? Correct? If correct,why?

How much energy is released when 0.600 µg of 3H have decayed to 3He? Use 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,M(3He)= 3.01493 u,and M(3H)= 3.01550 u.

The stability of with respect to alpha,beta-plus,and beta-minus decay is to be determined.The following atomic masses in amu are known: 4.002603 7.016928 11.009305 11.011433 11.026742 The nuclide is

If an element emits one alpha particle,its atomic number decreases by

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An ancient rock is found to contain ⁴⁰Ar gas,indicating that 77% of the ⁴⁰K in the rock has decayed since the rock solidified.Any argon would have boiled out of liquid rock.How long ago did the rock solidify? The half-life of ⁴⁰K is 1.25 billion years.

How much energy is released in the total fission of 2.0 g of ²³⁵U? The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when the right number of 4He nuclei combined to make ¹²C? M(⁴He)c² = 3728.40 MeV.

The decay constant of a radioactive nuclide is 1.6 ×10^-3s^-1.At a given instant,the number of atoms of the radioactive nuclide is 1.85 ×10¹².The number of atoms of the nuclide that remain after a time interval of 30 minutes is closest to:

About how many days are required for a radioactive sample,with an initial activity of 10⁵ Bq,to decay to an activity of 100 Bq? The half-life of the material is 4.5 days.

A summary of the nuclear reactions that power our sun can be written as 4p  ⁴He + 2e-,with masses of 938.272 MeV/c² for proton,3727.38 MeV/c² for helium,and 0.511 MeV/c² for electrons.If this is the reaction that occurs,how much energy is released?

An air sample is contaminated with ¹⁵O,which has a half-life of 2.03 minutes.You can pass it through a long pipe to allow it to decay until it can be safely released,at an air speed of 1.1 m/s.How long must your pipeline be for the sample to decay to 3% of its original activity?

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of ¹⁴C in our atmosphere.When future archaeologists date samples from this era,without knowing of this testing,will their dates be too young? Too old? Correct? If correct,why?

How much energy is released when 0.600 µg of 3H have decayed to ³He? Use 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c²,M(³He)= 3.01493 u,and M(³H)= 3.01550 u.