Question 1

Based on the understanding of the role of classical conditioning in drug addiction, treatments should expose drug addicts to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the cues that predict drug use but not to the drugs 
B)  the drug in the absence of drug cues 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  the unconditioned response 
A)  the cues that predict drug use but not to the drugs 
B)  the drug in the absence of drug cues 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  the unconditioned response

Question 2

What is the term for the cultural transmission of knowledge from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  epic 
B)  era 
C)  meme 
D)  gene 
A)  epic 
B)  era 
C)  meme 
D)  gene

Question 3

Hummingbirds feed on a(n) ____________ schedule because they revisit each flower only after a minimum amount of time has passed to get the sweetest nectar.

Accepted Answer

A)  timed 
B)  operant 
C)  interval 
D)  relaxed 
A)  timed 
B)  operant 
C)  interval 
D)  relaxed

Question 4

Golf course owners put their sprinklers on a ____________ schedule so that people can know when they can play on the course without getting wet.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed 
B)  variable 
C)  ratio 
D)  continuous 
A)  fixed 
B)  variable 
C)  ratio 
D)  continuous

Question 5

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  addiction 
B)  tolerance 
C)  sensitization 
D)  withdrawal 
A)  addiction 
B)  tolerance 
C)  sensitization 
D)  withdrawal

Question 6

Reinforcement is to punishment as ____________ is to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  before; after 
D)  awareness; wariness 
A)  increase; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  before; after 
D)  awareness; wariness

Question 7

The Premack principle explains why:

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping desirable behaviours leads to accurate conditioning 
B)  a favoured activity can be used to reinforce a less favoured activity 
C)  reward is preferred to punishment for effective learning 
D)  the law of effect works 
A)  shaping desirable behaviours leads to accurate conditioning 
B)  a favoured activity can be used to reinforce a less favoured activity 
C)  reward is preferred to punishment for effective learning 
D)  the law of effect works

Question 8

What is one potential clinical application of a better understanding of complex conditioning in the dopamine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  new opiate blocker drugs 
B)  treating addiction 
C)  learned helplessness 
D)  recovery from punishment 
A)  new opiate blocker drugs 
B)  treating addiction 
C)  learned helplessness 
D)  recovery from punishment

Question 9

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk. Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning 
B)  latent learning 
C)  cognitive map learning 
D)  economic principled learning 
A)  insight learning 
B)  latent learning 
C)  cognitive map learning 
D)  economic principled learning

Question 10

Tolman's work on learning without reinforcement resulted in the theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement learning 
B)  non-operant learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  serial positioning 
A)  partial reinforcement learning 
B)  non-operant learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  serial positioning

Question 11

What is the term used by behaviourists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition 
A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination 
C)  deviation 
D)  acquisition

Question 12

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement or punishment is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  economic learning 
B)  non-operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive acquisition 
D)  latent learning 
A)  economic learning 
B)  non-operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive acquisition 
D)  latent learning

Question 13

Treating addicts by exposing them to the drug cues, but not the drug itself, is similar to which classical conditioning process?

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  extinction 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  habituation 
A)  acquisition 
B)  extinction 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  habituation

Question 14

Research investigating gender differences in learning patterns have shown that:

Accepted Answer

A)  women are more likely to use landmarks and memorize a series of turns when navigating through space 
B)  men are more likely to use landmarks and memorize a series of turns when navigating through space 
C)  women are more likely to keep track of cardinal directions and use landmarks 
D)  men are more likely to keep track of cardinal directions and use landmarks 
A)  women are more likely to use landmarks and memorize a series of turns when navigating through space 
B)  men are more likely to use landmarks and memorize a series of turns when navigating through space 
C)  women are more likely to keep track of cardinal directions and use landmarks 
D)  men are more likely to keep track of cardinal directions and use landmarks

Question 15

The imitation of observed behaviour is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  operant learning 
B)  play learning 
C)  monkeying 
D)  modelling 
A)  operant learning 
B)  play learning 
C)  monkeying 
D)  modelling

Question 16

Imitation learning is facilitated by special brain structures known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  motor cortices 
B)  sensory cortices 
C)  mirror neurons 
D)  NMDA receptors 
A)  motor cortices 
B)  sensory cortices 
C)  mirror neurons 
D)  NMDA receptors

Question 17

The best definition of learning is that learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  results entirely from maturation rather than experience 
B)  must result in adaptation of behaviour, but does not have to be enduring 
C)  always results in adaptations in behaviour 
D)  is relatively enduring and results from experience 
A)  results entirely from maturation rather than experience 
B)  must result in adaptation of behaviour, but does not have to be enduring 
C)  always results in adaptations in behaviour 
D)  is relatively enduring and results from experience

Question 18

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are presented at the exact same time 
B)  the unconditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the conditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  the conditioned response is presented during the conditioned stimulus 
A)  they are presented at the exact same time 
B)  the unconditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the conditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  the conditioned response is presented during the conditioned stimulus

Question 19

The school of behaviourism was based on the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  anything can be learned by any living organism 
B)  animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything 
C)  behaviour is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind 
D)  animals learn via behaviourism, humans learn via cognitivism 
A)  anything can be learned by any living organism 
B)  animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything 
C)  behaviour is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind 
D)  animals learn via behaviourism, humans learn via cognitivism

Question 20

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  taste aversion 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  punishment 
A)  shaping 
B)  taste aversion 
C)  biological preparedness 
D)  punishment

Based on the understanding of the role of classical conditioning in drug addiction, treatments should expose drug addicts to:

What is the term for the cultural transmission of knowledge from one generation to another?

Hummingbirds feed on a(n) ____________ schedule because they revisit each flower only after a minimum amount of time has passed to get the sweetest nectar.

Golf course owners put their sprinklers on a ____________ schedule so that people can know when they can play on the course without getting wet.

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

Reinforcement is to punishment as is to .

The Premack principle explains why:

What is one potential clinical application of a better understanding of complex conditioning in the dopamine system?

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk. Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while. This phenomenon is called:

Tolman's work on learning without reinforcement resulted in the theory of:

What is the term used by behaviourists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement or punishment is known as:

Treating addicts by exposing them to the drug cues, but not the drug itself, is similar to which classical conditioning process?

Research investigating gender differences in learning patterns have shown that:

The imitation of observed behaviour is known as:

Imitation learning is facilitated by special brain structures known as:

The best definition of learning is that learning:

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when:

The school of behaviourism was based on the belief that:

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

Based on the understanding of the role of classical conditioning in drug addiction, treatments should expose drug addicts to:

What is the term for the cultural transmission of knowledge from one generation to another?

Hummingbirds feed on a(n) ____________ schedule because they revisit each flower only after a minimum amount of time has passed to get the sweetest nectar.

Golf course owners put their sprinklers on a ____________ schedule so that people can know when they can play on the course without getting wet.

The process by which an individual needs increasing amounts of the drug to achieve the same psychological or physical effects is known as:

Reinforcement is to punishment as ____________ is to ____________.

The Premack principle explains why:

What is one potential clinical application of a better understanding of complex conditioning in the dopamine system?

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk. Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while. This phenomenon is called:

Tolman's work on learning without reinforcement resulted in the theory of:

What is the term used by behaviourists to describe the gradual forming of an association between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus?

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement or punishment is known as:

Treating addicts by exposing them to the drug cues, but not the drug itself, is similar to which classical conditioning process?

Research investigating gender differences in learning patterns have shown that:

The imitation of observed behaviour is known as:

Imitation learning is facilitated by special brain structures known as:

The best definition of learning is that learning:

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when:

The school of behaviourism was based on the belief that:

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters

Reinforcement is to punishment as is to .