Question 1

In 1898, a man named Edward Thorndike suggested that behaviours that lead to rewarded outcomes will be repeated. What is the name of Thorndike's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  the learning and reward effect 
B)  the law of effect 
C)  the reward of learning theory 
D)  the law of conditional learning 
A)  the learning and reward effect 
B)  the law of effect 
C)  the reward of learning theory 
D)  the law of conditional learning

Question 2

The amygdala is an important neural structure in which long-term potentiation (LTP) plays a role in learning. Since the amygdala is part of the limbic system, which of the following is most likely mediated by LTP-related learning in the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A)  fear learning resulting in freezing behaviour 
B)  orienting responses resulting in fight or flight behaviour 
C)  anger initiation resulting in an adrenaline release 
D)  defensive reactions resulting in an opiate release 
A)  fear learning resulting in freezing behaviour 
B)  orienting responses resulting in fight or flight behaviour 
C)  anger initiation resulting in an adrenaline release 
D)  defensive reactions resulting in an opiate release

Question 3

Token economies are an example of the ways mental hospitals and other training centres use:

Accepted Answer

A)  primary punishment 
B)  primary reinforcement 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  secondary reinforcement 
A)  primary punishment 
B)  primary reinforcement 
C)  continuous reinforcement 
D)  secondary reinforcement

Question 4

For what area of research did Ivan Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  animal training 
C)  salivary reflex and digestion 
D)  biological boundaries of learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  animal training 
C)  salivary reflex and digestion 
D)  biological boundaries of learning

Question 5

Your older sister was captain of the debating team, starred in the school musicals, and graduated as valedictorian. As you entered high school everyone expected that you would excel as well and share the same interests. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological preparedness 
B)  guilt by association 
C)  virtue by association 
D)  shared virtue models 
A)  biological preparedness 
B)  guilt by association 
C)  virtue by association 
D)  shared virtue models

Question 6

Rescorla's cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned stimulus that occurs before the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
B)  a delay between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
C)  evolutionarily significant conditioned stimuli are easier to condition 
D)  the conditioned stimulus needs to be a good predictor of the unconditioned stimulus 
A)  a conditioned stimulus that occurs before the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
B)  a delay between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is optimal for learning 
C)  evolutionarily significant conditioned stimuli are easier to condition 
D)  the conditioned stimulus needs to be a good predictor of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviour modification 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  consequence-oriented conditioning 
A)  behaviour modification 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  consequence-oriented conditioning

Question 8

You know that genetics has given your new baby sister innate traits such as how to suckle and cry. Yet some people tell you that she is born knowing nothing. These people believe in ____________, which says that the environment teaches infants everything.

Accepted Answer

A)  pure minds 
B)  tabula rasa 
C)  clean start 
D)  tora rica 
A)  pure minds 
B)  tabula rasa 
C)  clean start 
D)  tora rica

Question 9

When an animal hears a new sound or sees a novel object in the distance, its first reaction will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  an orienting response 
B)  a fight or flight response 
C)  a defensive reaction 
D)  an appetitive reaction 
A)  an orienting response 
B)  a fight or flight response 
C)  a defensive reaction 
D)  an appetitive reaction

Question 10

What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning uses reward-based learning, while operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions. 
B)  Classical conditioning is caused by reflexive actions, while operant conditioning requires cognitive evaluation. 
C)  Classical conditioning requires learning two events are related, while operant conditioning demonstrates that behaviour leads to a consequence. 
D)  Classical conditioning demonstrates that behaviour leads to a consequence, while operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions. 
A)  Classical conditioning uses reward-based learning, while operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions. 
B)  Classical conditioning is caused by reflexive actions, while operant conditioning requires cognitive evaluation. 
C)  Classical conditioning requires learning two events are related, while operant conditioning demonstrates that behaviour leads to a consequence. 
D)  Classical conditioning demonstrates that behaviour leads to a consequence, while operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions.

Question 11

According to Watson's famous quote regarding the rearing of children, if given a dozen infants and control of their world, he could:

Accepted Answer

A)  guarantee ahead of time their IQ, based on their early infant behaviour 
B)  train them to be any type of specialist he wanted 
C)  shape their early childhood but have little impact on later development 
D)  ensure that they grew up without discrimination and hatred 
A)  guarantee ahead of time their IQ, based on their early infant behaviour 
B)  train them to be any type of specialist he wanted 
C)  shape their early childhood but have little impact on later development 
D)  ensure that they grew up without discrimination and hatred

Question 12

Which of the following examples from your textbook is NOT an example of an animal which has been trained based on Skinner's principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  seeing-eye dogs 
B)  navy dolphins trained to seek explosives 
C)  dogs salivating to a bell 
D)  dogs trained to sniff for drugs 
A)  seeing-eye dogs 
B)  navy dolphins trained to seek explosives 
C)  dogs salivating to a bell 
D)  dogs trained to sniff for drugs

Question 13

Why is Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biology places constraints on our learning. 
B)  Operant conditioning isn't effective for learning. 
C)  Operant conditioning doesn't apply to social learning. 
D)  Operant conditioning doesn't take into account learning from classical conditioning. 
A)  Biology places constraints on our learning. 
B)  Operant conditioning isn't effective for learning. 
C)  Operant conditioning doesn't apply to social learning. 
D)  Operant conditioning doesn't take into account learning from classical conditioning.

Question 14

Primary reinforcers:

Accepted Answer

A)  come first in second-order conditioning 
B)  satisfy biological needs 
C)  are the first behaviours to be rewarded in shaping 
D)  represent symbolic value 
A)  come first in second-order conditioning 
B)  satisfy biological needs 
C)  are the first behaviours to be rewarded in shaping 
D)  represent symbolic value

Question 15

You are hired to sell laptops and receive a commission of $100 for every three computers you sell. Your boss is paying you commission based on the following schedule of reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 16

Navario is refusing to do his homework but wants to go out to play. His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until the homework is finished. His mother is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment 
B)  biological preparedness 
C)  the Premack principle 
D)  the principle of shaping 
A)  positive punishment 
B)  biological preparedness 
C)  the Premack principle 
D)  the principle of shaping

Question 17

What is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  an innate response 
B)  a response that has been learned 
C)  an automatic stimulus 
D)  a reflex 
A)  an innate response 
B)  a response that has been learned 
C)  an automatic stimulus 
D)  a reflex

Question 18

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock, what would be your conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  flashing light 
B)  electric shock 
C)  fear 
D)  extinction 
A)  flashing light 
B)  electric shock 
C)  fear 
D)  extinction

Question 19

What is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  a learned pairing between two stimuli 
B)  a nervous system reflex 
C)  an unlearned, automatic behaviour to a stimulus 
D)  something that elicits an automatic behaviour 
A)  a learned pairing between two stimuli 
B)  a nervous system reflex 
C)  an unlearned, automatic behaviour to a stimulus 
D)  something that elicits an automatic behaviour

Question 20

The ability to respond with an appropriate conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and with no response to a very similar yet substantially different stimulus is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  valence differentiation 
B)  salience response 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  stimulus discrimination 
A)  valence differentiation 
B)  salience response 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  stimulus discrimination

In 1898, a man named Edward Thorndike suggested that behaviours that lead to rewarded outcomes will be repeated. What is the name of Thorndike's theory?

The amygdala is an important neural structure in which long-term potentiation (LTP) plays a role in learning. Since the amygdala is part of the limbic system, which of the following is most likely mediated by LTP-related learning in the amygdala?

Token economies are an example of the ways mental hospitals and other training centres use:

For what area of research did Ivan Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize?

Your older sister was captain of the debating team, starred in the school musicals, and graduated as valedictorian. As you entered high school everyone expected that you would excel as well and share the same interests. This is an example of:

Rescorla's cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as:

You know that genetics has given your new baby sister innate traits such as how to suckle and cry. Yet some people tell you that she is born knowing nothing. These people believe in ____________, which says that the environment teaches infants everything.

When an animal hears a new sound or sees a novel object in the distance, its first reaction will be:

What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

According to Watson's famous quote regarding the rearing of children, if given a dozen infants and control of their world, he could:

Which of the following examples from your textbook is NOT an example of an animal which has been trained based on Skinner's principles?

Why is Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

Primary reinforcers:

You are hired to sell laptops and receive a commission of $100 for every three computers you sell. Your boss is paying you commission based on the following schedule of reinforcement:

Navario is refusing to do his homework but wants to go out to play. His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until the homework is finished. His mother is using:

What is an unconditioned response?

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock, what would be your conditioned stimulus?

What is an unconditioned response?

The ability to respond with an appropriate conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and with no response to a very similar yet substantially different stimulus is known as:

Introduction

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Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 6: Learning

In 1898, a man named Edward Thorndike suggested that behaviours that lead to rewarded outcomes will be repeated. What is the name of Thorndike's theory?

The amygdala is an important neural structure in which long-term potentiation (LTP) plays a role in learning. Since the amygdala is part of the limbic system, which of the following is most likely mediated by LTP-related learning in the amygdala?

Token economies are an example of the ways mental hospitals and other training centres use:

For what area of research did Ivan Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize?

Your older sister was captain of the debating team, starred in the school musicals, and graduated as valedictorian. As you entered high school everyone expected that you would excel as well and share the same interests. This is an example of:

Rescorla's cognitive model of conditioning does NOT explain why:

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as:

You know that genetics has given your new baby sister innate traits such as how to suckle and cry. Yet some people tell you that she is born knowing nothing. These people believe in ____________, which says that the environment teaches infants everything.

When an animal hears a new sound or sees a novel object in the distance, its first reaction will be:

What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

According to Watson's famous quote regarding the rearing of children, if given a dozen infants and control of their world, he could:

Which of the following examples from your textbook is NOT an example of an animal which has been trained based on Skinner's principles?

Why is Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

Primary reinforcers:

You are hired to sell laptops and receive a commission of $100 for every three computers you sell. Your boss is paying you commission based on the following schedule of reinforcement:

Navario is refusing to do his homework but wants to go out to play. His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until the homework is finished. His mother is using:

What is an unconditioned response?

If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock, what would be your conditioned stimulus?

What is an unconditioned response?

The ability to respond with an appropriate conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and with no response to a very similar yet substantially different stimulus is known as:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Human Development

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters