Exam 8: Thinking and Intelligence

Nkeis decides to buy a small car because it is good for the environment. When she goes to look at these cars, she is surprised that they come in luxury versions, because she expected them to be very basic and uncomfortable. This is because Nkeis has been using:

Sally is knitting a sweater by following the instructions in the knitting book exactly. Sally is following a(n) ____________ for the sweater which means that her sweater ____________ turn out right.

The easternmost part of the state of Texas, around the city of Paris, has a point rising more north than the rest of the state. When people draw Texas, they almost always draw the border as a straight line. It is not that these folks want to kick Paris, Texas, out of the state, it is just that:

If someone cannot restructure a problem that they are having trouble solving they could try the easier approach of finding a(n):

Your best strategy would be to use a heuristic if ____________ is most important; your best strategy would be to use an algorithm if ____________ is most important.

Cognition can be described as:

When Milton's car won't start one morning, he assumes that the battery is dead because in his schema of cars, dead batteries are the cause for not starting. After Milton charges his battery and is still unable to start his car, he realizes that the problem is with the transmission. Even though his schema caused Milton to waste time doing the wrong thing, it is still adaptive because:

What is the main concept behind Spearman's theory of general intelligence (g)?

You are startled when you pass an 18-wheeler driven by a woman. You are surprised, because a woman driver violates your _____________ of a trucker.

Theories of general intelligence, like Gardner's theory, see intelligence as being expressed in areas such as math and language. The important difference in Gardner's theory is that the intelligences:

Samantha is participating in a psychology experiment in which she sees a sentence on a computer screen and is to decide as quickly as possible whether the sentence is true or false. According to the defining attribute model, Samantha will say "true" to the sentence "A penguin is a bird" ____________ she will say "true" to the sentence "A robin is a bird."

A solution to a problem reached through insight occurs spontaneously, even though the solution must have been arrived at through several steps. This suggests that insight probably involves:

Jamail is trying to decide whether to major in biology or psychology. Kevin is trying to figure out what major might allow him to get a good job right after university. Jamail is engaged in ____________; Kevin is engaged in ____________.

If you are shopping for a bathrobe and you buy the very first soft robe that you see, then you are likely a ____________. If you go on to look for robes in every store in town before purchasing one, then you are likely a ____________.

Why is categorization an efficient way of thinking?

The children of certain immigrant groups, where success in school is a high priority, routinely have higher levels of achievement in school than their IQ scores would predict. This suggests that:

Which intelligence test involves measuring both verbal and performance skills?

The Binet IQ test assesses the difference between which two factors?

Their 5-year-old nephew asks Hallel and Hamdi what an aardvark looks like. Hallel finds a picture in a children's book about animals and shows it to him. Hamdi finds a description in the encyclopedia and uses it to describe an aardvark. Hallel's approach is similar to using a(n) ____________; Hamdi's approach is similar to using a(n) ____________.

Javier and Nancy decide to drive five hours to the lake for the day. Javier is excited about the trip because he always enjoys going to the lake. Nancy is excited about the trip because she always enjoys long drives. Javier is using ____________ reasoning; Nancy is using ____________ reasoning.