Your research hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between a person's years of schooling (EDUC) and their mother's years of schooling (MAEDUC). Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____. Correlations $\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|} \hline & &{\text { EDUC }} & \text { MAEDUC } & \text { PAEDUC } & \text { SPEDUC } \\ \hline \text { EDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & 1 & -.111 & .261^{*} & .120 \\ & \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & & .234 & .007 & 433 \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 122 & 116 & 107 & 45 \\ \hline \text { MAEDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & -.111 & 1 & .356^{*} & .013 \\ & \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .234 & & .000 & .931 \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 116 & 116 & 104 & 44 \\ \hline \text { PAEDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & .261^{*} & .356^{*} & 1 & .030 \\ & \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .007 & .000 & & .847 \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 107 & 104 & 107 & 43 \\ \hline \text { SPEDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & .120 & .013 & .030 & 1 \\ & \text { Sig. (2-tailed) } & .433 & .931 & .847 & \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 45 & 44 & 43 & 45 \\ \hline \end{array}$ **. Correlation is significant at the $0.01$ level (2-tailed).

A) null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected B) null hypothesis … .117 … not rejected C) research hypothesis … .117 … not rejected D) research hypothesis … .234 … not rejected A) null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected B) null hypothesis … .117 … not rejected C) research hypothesis … .117 … not rejected D) research hypothesis … .234 … not rejected

Your research hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between AGE and years of schooling (EDUC) . Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the _____, the significance level is _____, and the null hypothesis is _____. Correlations $\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|} \hline & & {\text { AGE }} & \text { EDUC } \\ \hline \text { AGE } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & 1 & .190^{\circ} \\ & \text { Sig-(2-tailed) } & & .036 \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 122 & 122 \\ \hline \text { EDUC } & \text { Pearson Correlation } & -190^{\circ} & 1 \\ & \text { Sig-(2-tailed) } & .036 & \\ & \mathrm{~N} & 122 & 122 \\ \hline \end{array}$ *. Correlation is significant at the $0.05$ level (2tailed).

A) null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected B) research hypothesis … .018 … rejected C) research hypothesis … .036 … not rejected D) research hypothesis … .036 … rejected A) null hypothesis … skipped … not rejected B) research hypothesis … .018 … rejected C) research hypothesis … .036 … not rejected D) research hypothesis … .036 … rejected

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: Model Summary $\begin{array}{|l|l|r|r|r|} \hline \text { Model } & \text { R } & \text { R Square } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Adjusted R } \\ \text { Square } \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} \text { Std. Error of } \\ \text { the Estimate } \end{array} \\ \hline 1 & .269^{n} & .072 & .051 & 31703.688 \\ \hline \end{array}$ a. Predictors: (Constant), EDUC, AGE, SEX ANOVAᵇ $\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|r|} \hline \text { Model } & {\begin{array}{c} \text { Sum of } \\ \text { Squares } \end{array}} & \text { di } & \text { Mean Square } & \text { F } & \text { Sig. } \\ \hline 1 & \text { Regression } & 1.036 \mathrm{E} 10 & 3 & 3.454 \mathrm{E} 9 & 3.437 & .019^{*} \\ & \text { Residual } & 1.327 \mathrm{E} 11 & 132 & 1.005 \mathrm{Eg} & & \\ & \text { Total } & 1.430 \mathrm{E} 11 & 135 & & & \\ \hline \end{array}$ a. Predictors: (Constant), EDUC, AGE, SEX b. Dependent Variable: INCOME Confficiantes $\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|r|} \hline& \text { Unstandardized Coefficients } &&\text { Standardized Coefficients }\\ \hline {\text { Model }} & {\text { B }} & {\text { Std, Error }} & {\text { Beta }} & {\mathrm{t}} & {\text { Sig. }} \\ \hline 1 & \text { (Constant) } & -32164.576 & 62650.072 & & -.513 & .609 \\ & \text { AGE } & 884.072 & 944.344 & .079 & .936 & .351 \\ & \text { SEX } & -15963.816 & 5515.004 & -.245 & -2.895 & .004 \\ & \text { EDUC } & 2139.491 & 2084.655 & .087 & 1.026 & .307 \\ \hline \end{array}$ a. Dependent Variable: INCOME Your research hypothesis is "In the population, AGE has a positive net effect on INCOME after controlling for SEX and years of schooling (EDUC)." () A) What is your null hypothesis? B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis? C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".) D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?) E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

a. "In the population, AGE has either no

Exam 16: Hypothesis Testing With Measures of Association and Regression

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .70 .491 .488 4889.41 a. Predictors: (Constant), FEMALE SEX OF EMPLOYEE, TIME JOB SENIORITY, EDLEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ANOVAᵇ Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1.08+10 3 3810220508 151.015 .00 Residual 1.12+10 470 23906335.63 Total 2.21+10 473 a. Predictors: (Constant), FEMALE SEX OF EMPLOYEE, TIME JOE SENIORITY, EDLEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL b. Dependent Variable: SALNOW CURRENT SALARY Coefficientsᵃ Unstandardized Coefficients Standardi zed Coefficien ts model b std. error beta t sig. 1 (Constant) -5000.000 2186.583 -2.390 .017 EDLEVEL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL 1000.000 83.420 .572 16.232 .000 TIME JOB SENIORITY 20.000 22.402 .041 1.237 .217 FEMALE SEX OF EMPLOYEE -3000.000 483.223 -.244 -6.907 .000 a. Dependent Variable: SALNOW CURRENT SALARY A) Is the regression model as a whole statistically significant? (yes / no) B) Which of the independent variables, if any, have statistically significant coefficients? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)

(Short Answer)

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Question 21

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Does gender have a significant net effect on amount given to charity after controlling for age and personal earnings?"

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 22

What kinds of questions can you answer using tests of significance for measures of association?

(Essay)

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Question 23

Are the significance levels that appear in the output for the net effects of the independent variables in regression one-tailed or two-tailed significance levels?

(Short Answer)

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Question 24

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant difference between the average national population growth rates of South American and North American countries?"

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 25

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Does a nation's level of economic development have a significant negative net effect on its population growth rate after controlling for climate and religion?"

(Multiple Choice)

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(39)

Question 26

Your research hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between a person's years of schooling (EDUC) and their mother's years of schooling (MAEDUC). Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the ___, the significance level is _, and the null hypothesis is ___. Correlations EDUC MAEDUC PAEDUC SPEDUC EDUC Pearson Correlation 1 -.111 .26 .120 Sig. (2-tailed) .234 .007 433 122 116 107 45 MAEDUC Pearson Correlation -.111 1 .35 .013 Sig. (2-tailed) .234 .000 .931 116 116 104 44 PAEDUC Pearson Correlation .26 .35 1 .030 Sig. (2-tailed) .007 .000 .847 107 104 107 43 SPEDUC Pearson Correlation .120 .013 .030 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .433 .931 .847 45 44 43 45 **. Correlation is significant at the $0.01$ level (2-tailed).

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 27

Your research hypothesis is that there is a positive correlation between AGE and years of schooling (EDUC) . Based on the following output, the sample results are consistent with the ___, the significance level is _, and the null hypothesis is ___. Correlations AGE EDUC AGE Pearson Correlation 1 .19 Sig-(2-tailed) .036 122 122 EDUC Pearson Correlation -19 1 Sig-(2-tailed) .036 122 122 *. Correlation is significant at the $0.05$ level (2tailed).

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 28

What kinds of questions can you answer using tests of significance for regression coefficients?

(Essay)

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Question 29

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .26 .072 .051 31703.688 a. Predictors: (Constant), EDUC, AGE, SEX ANOVAᵇ Model Sum of Squares di Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1.03610 3 3.4549 3.437 .01 Residual 1.32711 132 1.005 Total 1.43011 135 a. Predictors: (Constant), EDUC, AGE, SEX b. Dependent Variable: INCOME Confficiantes Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Model B Std, Error Beta Sig. 1 (Constant) -32164.576 62650.072 -.513 .609 AGE 884.072 944.344 .079 .936 .351 SEX -15963.816 5515.004 -.245 -2.895 .004 EDUC 2139.491 2084.655 .087 1.026 .307 a. Dependent Variable: INCOME Your research hypothesis is "In the population, AGE has a positive net effect on INCOME after controlling for SEX and years of schooling (EDUC)." () A) What is your null hypothesis? B) Are the sample results consistent with the research hypothesis or with the null hypothesis? C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".) D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?) E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)

(Essay)

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Question 30

For which of the following inferential statistics must you identify hypotheses as one-tailed or two-tailed?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 31

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Do the countries of North America, South America, Europe, and Oceania significantly differ in average national life expectancy?"

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 32

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Does gender have a significant net effect on amount given to charity after controlling for age and personal earnings?"

What kinds of questions can you answer using tests of significance for measures of association?

Are the significance levels that appear in the output for the net effects of the independent variables in regression one-tailed or two-tailed significance levels?

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Is there a significant difference between the average national population growth rates of South American and North American countries?"

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Does a nation's level of economic development have a significant negative net effect on its population growth rate after controlling for climate and religion?"

What kinds of questions can you answer using tests of significance for regression coefficients?

For which of the following inferential statistics must you identify hypotheses as one-tailed or two-tailed?

Which SPSS procedure would you use to answer the question "Do the countries of North America, South America, Europe, and Oceania significantly differ in average national life expectancy?"

Introduction

Data Sets

Frequency Tables and Univariate Charts

Central Tendency and Dispersion

Creating New Variables

Comparing Group Means

Crosstab Tables

Nominal and Ordinal Measures of Association

Pearsons Correlation and Bivariate Regression

Multiple Regression

Sampling Distributions and Normal Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and One-Sample T Tests

Paired and Independent-Samples T Tests

Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square

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