Question 1

_______________ describes the brains ability to retain flexibility in adapting to new experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) Flexibility 
B) Plasticity 
C) Stability 
D) Vulnerability 
A) Flexibility 
B) Plasticity 
C) Stability 
D) Vulnerability

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gazzaniga proposes that the brain is organized as a loose confederation of independent modules all working in parallel. 
B) Restak has noted that many of our actions and choices occur without any direction by a conscious self. 
C) The idea that the brain consists of modules and the self is an illusion is consistent with many Western spiritual traditions. 
D) Many brain researchers believe that the frontal lobes play a critical role in our sense of self. 
A) Gazzaniga proposes that the brain is organized as a loose confederation of independent modules all working in parallel. 
B) Restak has noted that many of our actions and choices occur without any direction by a conscious self. 
C) The idea that the brain consists of modules and the self is an illusion is consistent with many Western spiritual traditions. 
D) Many brain researchers believe that the frontal lobes play a critical role in our sense of self.

Question 3

The _______________ receives,processes,interprets,and stores incoming sensory information and also sends out messages destined for muscles,glands,and internal organs.

Accepted Answer

A) brain stem 
B) central nervous system 
C) occipital lobe 
D) action potential 
A) brain stem 
B) central nervous system 
C) occipital lobe 
D) action potential

Question 4

Another name for neuron is:

Accepted Answer

A) glial cell. 
B) precursor cell. 
C) nerve cell. 
D) neurotransmitter. 
A) glial cell. 
B) precursor cell. 
C) nerve cell. 
D) neurotransmitter.

Question 5

When we are born,most of our synapses are not yet formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Research on neurotransmitters has shown that:

Accepted Answer

A) they exist only in the brain. 
B) harmful effects can occur at too high or too low levels. 
C) there are five known and ten suspected neurotransmitters. 
D) acetylcholine functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. 
A) they exist only in the brain. 
B) harmful effects can occur at too high or too low levels. 
C) there are five known and ten suspected neurotransmitters. 
D) acetylcholine functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Question 7

When an action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal:

Accepted Answer

A) it hops across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron. 
B) it reverses direction and returns to the cell body. 
C) it causes synaptic vesicles to break open and release molecules of neurotransmitter. 
D) it causes pores on the axon terminal to open and receive neurotransmitters from other neurons. 
A) it hops across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron. 
B) it reverses direction and returns to the cell body. 
C) it causes synaptic vesicles to break open and release molecules of neurotransmitter. 
D) it causes pores on the axon terminal to open and receive neurotransmitters from other neurons.

Question 8

Which part of the nervous system produces some behaviors on its own,without any help from the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) the reticular formation 
B) the parasympathetic system 
C) the sympathetic system 
D) the spinal cord 
A) the reticular formation 
B) the parasympathetic system 
C) the sympathetic system 
D) the spinal cord

Question 9

The only sense that completely bypasses the thalamus is:

Accepted Answer

A) vision. 
B) smell. 
C) hearing. 
D) taste. 
A) vision. 
B) smell. 
C) hearing. 
D) taste.

Question 10

By plotting possible trajectories of the iron rod that penetrated the head of Phineas Gage,psychologists were able to determine that the damage occurred in an area of:

Accepted Answer

A) the prefrontal cortex that is associated with rational decisions and emotions. 
B) the somatosensory cortex that is associated with pressure,pain,and touch. 
C) the visual cortex that is associated with visual recognition. 
D) the motor cortex that is associated with voluntary movements. 
A) the prefrontal cortex that is associated with rational decisions and emotions. 
B) the somatosensory cortex that is associated with pressure,pain,and touch. 
C) the visual cortex that is associated with visual recognition. 
D) the motor cortex that is associated with voluntary movements.

Question 11

The human body has_______________ pairs of peripheral nerves that enter or leave the spinal cord,and _______________ pairs that are in the head,connecting directly to the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) 43; 12 
B) 12; 43 
C) 3; 31 
D) 12; 31 
A) 43; 12 
B) 12; 43 
C) 3; 31 
D) 12; 31

Question 12

Stem cell research is one of the hottest research areas in neuroscience but it also is a hotly debated topic in the United States.Explain the reasoning behind both sides of the debate.What less controversial alternatives are neuroscientists currently pursuing?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 13

Abnormally low levels of serotonin and dopamine have been associated with harmful effects.Explain these effects and describe what psychologists know about this relationship using your knowledge of correlational studies.What might be an easy assumption to make that may not necessarily be accurate?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 14

"Plasticity" means that:

Accepted Answer

A) synaptic connections can change throughout life. 
B) neurons have a myelin sheath,similar to a plastic shell,that surrounds them. 
C) axons,like soft plastic,are flexible and can bend around obstacles to make synaptic connections. 
D) people can compensate for brain damage by learning new ways to do things. 
A) synaptic connections can change throughout life. 
B) neurons have a myelin sheath,similar to a plastic shell,that surrounds them. 
C) axons,like soft plastic,are flexible and can bend around obstacles to make synaptic connections. 
D) people can compensate for brain damage by learning new ways to do things.

Question 15

As Molly is walking across campus,a car swerves toward her.Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way.This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's:

Accepted Answer

A) somatic nervous system. 
B) skeletal nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) sympathetic nervous system. 
A) somatic nervous system. 
B) skeletal nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) sympathetic nervous system.

Question 16

In what ways do male and female brains differ physically? What does this difference have to do with behavior? When writing your essay,include research findings from the studies of animal brains and of human brains.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

All of the following are examples of spinal reflexes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the erection of the penis. 
B) the secretion of hormones. 
C) the ejaculation of semen. 
D) the hand pulling back in pain. 
A) the erection of the penis. 
B) the secretion of hormones. 
C) the ejaculation of semen. 
D) the hand pulling back in pain.

Question 18

Hazel is exceedingly clumsy and uncoordinated.She has difficulty using a pencil or threading a needle.It is most likely that Hazel's _______________ has been damaged.

Accepted Answer

A) pons 
B) medulla 
C) reticular activating system 
D) cerebellum 
A) pons 
B) medulla 
C) reticular activating system 
D) cerebellum

Question 19

Which of the following regions is involved in the ability to make plans,think creatively,and take initiative?

Accepted Answer

A) temporal lobes 
B) parietal lobes 
C) frontal lobes 
D) occipital lobes 
A) temporal lobes 
B) parietal lobes 
C) frontal lobes 
D) occipital lobes

Question 20

Actor Michael J.Fox announced that he was leaving his hit show Spin City because he had Parkinson's disease and wanted to spend more time with his family.His disorder is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) a loss of dopamine. 
B) a loss of acetylcholine. 
C) overproduction of dopamine. 
D) overproduction of acetylcholine. 
A) a loss of dopamine. 
B) a loss of acetylcholine. 
C) overproduction of dopamine. 
D) overproduction of acetylcholine.

Exam 4: Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

_______________ describes the brains ability to retain flexibility in adapting to new experiences.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The _______________ receives,processes,interprets,and stores incoming sensory information and also sends out messages destined for muscles,glands,and internal organs.

Another name for neuron is:

When we are born,most of our synapses are not yet formed.

Research on neurotransmitters has shown that:

When an action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal:

Which part of the nervous system produces some behaviors on its own,without any help from the brain?

The only sense that completely bypasses the thalamus is:

By plotting possible trajectories of the iron rod that penetrated the head of Phineas Gage,psychologists were able to determine that the damage occurred in an area of:

The human body has_______________ pairs of peripheral nerves that enter or leave the spinal cord,and _______________ pairs that are in the head,connecting directly to the brain.

Stem cell research is one of the hottest research areas in neuroscience but it also is a hotly debated topic in the United States.Explain the reasoning behind both sides of the debate.What less controversial alternatives are neuroscientists currently pursuing?

Abnormally low levels of serotonin and dopamine have been associated with harmful effects.Explain these effects and describe what psychologists know about this relationship using your knowledge of correlational studies.What might be an easy assumption to make that may not necessarily be accurate?

"Plasticity" means that:

As Molly is walking across campus,a car swerves toward her.Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way.This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's:

In what ways do male and female brains differ physically? What does this difference have to do with behavior? When writing your essay,include research findings from the studies of animal brains and of human brains.

All of the following are examples of spinal reflexes EXCEPT:

Hazel is exceedingly clumsy and uncoordinated.She has difficulty using a pencil or threading a needle.It is most likely that Hazel's _______________ has been damaged.

Which of the following regions is involved in the ability to make plans,think creatively,and take initiative?

Actor Michael J.Fox announced that he was leaving his hit show Spin City because he had Parkinson's disease and wanted to spend more time with his family.His disorder is caused by:

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

The human body has_ pairs of peripheral nerves that enter or leave the spinal cord,and _ pairs that are in the head,connecting directly to the brain.