Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Children with marasmus most often have a diet that is deficient in:

Noam Chomsky's term for an innate set of mental structures that aid children in language learning is:

In comparison to a newborn, a 4-month-old infant spends ____ time sleeping and ____ time in alert activity.

Suppose you wave an attractive rattle in front of an infant. The infant reaches out to grasp the rattle, but instead you "hide" it under a pillow sitting in front of the infant. Now the infant acts as if the rattle no longer exists. This example demonstrates the concept Piaget called object permanence.

Suppose that you observe 1000 young children, recording the age at which each is first able to pick up a rattle and shake it. You now compute an average age at which this developmental milestone is reached by the "typical" child. Your work would be most similar to the work that is summarized in which of the following?

In spite of his injury, Jake was able to recover most of the abilities that he had before the injury. Which of the following terms is most directly related to Jake's ability to regain these lost functions?

Suppose an infant is shown the same picture of a cow over and over again. Eventually the infant grows tired of looking at the picture. Now, the infant is shown a picture of an elephant, and she stares intently at this "new" picture. The procedure used in this demonstration would best be considered to be an example of classical conditioning.

Suppose an anthropologist studies a culture in which adults have very poor diets and consequently are considerably shorter than would be expected. The word that describes this condition is:

Suppose you perform an experiment in which you allow a group of babies to suck on one of two different pacifiers. Some babies sucked on the one that was smooth and round and other babies sucked on the pacifier that had ridges on it and was oblong. Later, you show both pacifiers to the babies and observe how long they look at each. An experiment such as this would most likely be performed to study which of the following topics?

If the results of Rosenzweig's study of rats raised in enriched environments were to be generalized to children, this would imply that we should be most concerned about which of the following?

If a normal adult human brain weighs 3 pounds, about how much would a normal 1-year-old's brain weigh?

Piaget's first period of cognitive development is usually called the:

The connections that exists between the neurons in the brain are called:

The leading cause of deaths in infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year of age in the United States is:

In contrast to how scientists working in earlier decades have conceptualized the neonatal period, scientists today understand that:

Suppose you show a newborn infant four photographs, one of his mother smiling, one of his mother making a fearful face, one of a stranger smiling, and one of a stranger making a fearful face. Which photograph should you expect the newborn to look at for the longest time?

The neural "pruning" that takes place during infancy and toddlerhood results in:

In Piaget's theory, the general process by which infant schemas are elaborated, modified, and developed is called:

At about what age do most children learn to use the "pincer grasp," which allows them to use their thumb and forefinger to "pinch" a small object to pick it up?

Suppose that your friend's child is typical. If he asks you when he should expect that his child will learn to ascend and descend stairs, you should note that most children in the United States learn to crawl up stairs at about age ___ and learn to crawl down stairs at about age ___.