Exam 4: Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

The basic sounds in a language are referred to as:

All of the following behaviors are likely to be in place by the age of 4 months of age EXCEPT:

By studying the results of experiments such as those that use the visual cliff apparatus, scientists generally conclude that children's perceptual abilities develop somewhat in advance of their understanding of risks associated with certain actions. For example, a child typically develops the ability to perceive depth before she understands that crawling out on the "cliff" side of the visual cliff is dangerous.

During the first few weeks of life, hearing is believed to be muffled because of:

In spite of his injury, Jake was able to recover most of the abilities that he had before the injury. Which of the following terms is most directly related to Jake's ability to regain these lost functions?

The type of malnutrition that is caused by an insufficient amount of protein is called:

The neurons that seem especially involved in imitation are called:

The size of the human brain does not change across the lifespan; the size of one's brain at birth is the size that his or her brain will be as an adult.

According to the text, individuals experience the most rapid and dramatic developmental change during which 2-year period of the lifespan?

Suppose you show a newborn infant a sequence of 3 cards, each with an image printed on it. The first card consists of a very simple image of a black circle. The second card contains an image of moderate complexity, showing two circles and two squares. The third card contains a highly complex image of several different objects of various shapes, each overlapping the others. Which of these three cards would you expect a newborn to pay attention to for the longest period of time?

According to the text, the two nutritional deficiencies that are most common among children in the United States are deficiencies of:

Which of the following activities would an 8-month-old be LEAST likely to be able to do?

Suppose you perform an experiment in which you allow a group of babies to suck on one of two different pacifiers. Some babies sucked on the one that was smooth and round and other babies sucked on the pacifier that had ridges on it and was oblong. Later, you show both pacifiers to the babies. Generalizing from similar research reported in the text, you would expect that the babies would look:

According to research presented in the text, if you compared the language acquisition patterns of children raised in poverty to those of children raised by middle-income parents, you would expect that the children raised in poverty would:

The type of malnutrition that is caused by an insufficient total quantity of food and in which muscles waste away and stored fat is depleted is:

According to the text, what does the FOXP2 gene appear to do?

In adulthood, a typical person's head is about one-tenth of the person's total body length. At birth, the head is about _________ of the newborn's total body length.