Question 1

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

Accepted Answer

A) They develop where a high-gradient stream leaves a narrow mountain valley and deposits on a flat area. 
B) They develop where a low-gradient stream leaves a wide valley and deposits in a canyon. 
C) They develop where a low-gradient tributary meets the main stream. 
D) They develop where a high-gradient tributary splits when it enters a flat area. 
A) They develop where a high-gradient stream leaves a narrow mountain valley and deposits on a flat area. 
B) They develop where a low-gradient stream leaves a wide valley and deposits in a canyon. 
C) They develop where a low-gradient tributary meets the main stream. 
D) They develop where a high-gradient tributary splits when it enters a flat area. A

Question 2

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (?)?

Accepted Answer

A) Present-day distributaries have higher gradients than potential new ones. 
B) Potential, new, major distributary channels have steeper gradients than existing channels. 
C) Potential, new, distributary channels have higher gradients, causing downcutting of the existing channels. 
D) Increased sediment loads since the mid-19th century have caused the major distributaries to be filled with sand. 
A) Present-day distributaries have higher gradients than potential new ones. 
B) Potential, new, major distributary channels have steeper gradients than existing channels. 
C) Potential, new, distributary channels have higher gradients, causing downcutting of the existing channels. 
D) Increased sediment loads since the mid-19th century have caused the major distributaries to be filled with sand. B

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) the distance travelled by water in a channel times a drop in elevation 
B) the drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels 
C) the water pressure at the bottom of the stream divided by the stream's width 
D) the increase in discharge of a stream per unit drop in elevation 
A) the distance travelled by water in a channel times a drop in elevation 
B) the drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels 
C) the water pressure at the bottom of the stream divided by the stream's width 
D) the increase in discharge of a stream per unit drop in elevation B

Question 4

________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

Accepted Answer

A) Dissolved ions and fine sand 
B) Dissolved salts 
C) Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains 
D) Coarse sand and gravel that move during floods 
A) Dissolved ions and fine sand 
B) Dissolved salts 
C) Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains 
D) Coarse sand and gravel that move during floods

Question 5

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Accepted Answer

A) foreset beds 
B) bottomset beds 
C) distributary channels 
D) topset beds 
A) foreset beds 
B) bottomset beds 
C) distributary channels 
D) topset beds

Question 6

Most stream valleys are diverse in their forms because they are basically just curious accidents of nature and have little to do with ongoing geologic processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Evapotranspiration and average stream velocity are both important components of the hydrologic cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The side view of a stream's course is the ________.

Accepted Answer

longitudin

Question 9

Describe one of the four hydrogeologic factors which led to repeated flooding along the Red River in April 1997?

Accepted Answer

southerly thaw + northerly flo

Question 10

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

Accepted Answer

A) near the mouth where the discharge is the greatest 
B) during floods because capacity and competence are at their maxima 
C) at ordinary discharge but at particular locations where the gradient decreases 
D) during winter freeze up because of velocity changes below the ice 
A) near the mouth where the discharge is the greatest 
B) during floods because capacity and competence are at their maxima 
C) at ordinary discharge but at particular locations where the gradient decreases 
D) during winter freeze up because of velocity changes below the ice

Question 11

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

Accepted Answer

A) Base level drops; the stream aggrades its channel, and the former floodplain is left below the present elevation of the stream. 
B) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream downcuts upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
C) Base level rises; the stream downcuts, and the old floodplain is left well above the elevation of the present-day channel. 
D) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream builds its channel upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
A) Base level drops; the stream aggrades its channel, and the former floodplain is left below the present elevation of the stream. 
B) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream downcuts upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
C) Base level rises; the stream downcuts, and the old floodplain is left well above the elevation of the present-day channel. 
D) A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream builds its channel upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream.

Question 12

________ is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Accepted Answer

A) Runoff gradient 
B) Stream discharge 
C) Hydrocapacity 
D) Stream load factor 
A) Runoff gradient 
B) Stream discharge 
C) Hydrocapacity 
D) Stream load factor

Question 13

Which of the following locations is a likely place to find a braided stream?

Accepted Answer

A) flowing across a stream delta 
B) flowing across a low gradient landscape 
C) flowing through a karst region 
D) flowing from the terminus of a glacier 
A) flowing across a stream delta 
B) flowing across a low gradient landscape 
C) flowing through a karst region 
D) flowing from the terminus of a glacier

Question 14

________ is the total quantity of solid sediments carried by a river.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the total quantity of solid...

Question 15

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases.
-Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) heavy load 
B) dissolved load 
C) suspended load 
D) bed load 
A) heavy load 
B) dissolved load 
C) suspended load 
D) bed load

Question 16

A city located on a large river has a history of moderate flooding over its 150-year history.However, the severity and magnitude of flooding has increased dramatically in the past 30 years.Give some possible reasons, both natural and human-induced, as to why such increased flooding might occur.

Accepted Answer

Climate change (e.g.El Nino)may have inc

Question 17

________ streams have interconnecting channels around stable vegetated bars.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ streams have interconnecting channels around stable...

Question 18

A ________ stream consists of a complex network of converging and diverging channels that weave around channel bars.

Accepted Answer

A) Straight channel 
B) Meandering stream 
C) Braided stream 
D) Bedrock channel 
A) Straight channel 
B) Meandering stream 
C) Braided stream 
D) Bedrock channel

Question 19

A ________ is a stream segment along its course.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ is a stream segment along...

Question 20

The lowest base level for most streams is sea level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (?)?

Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient?

________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Most stream valleys are diverse in their forms because they are basically just curious accidents of nature and have little to do with ongoing geologic processes.

Evapotranspiration and average stream velocity are both important components of the hydrologic cycle.

The side view of a stream's course is the ________.

Describe one of the four hydrogeologic factors which led to repeated flooding along the Red River in April 1997?

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

________ is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Which of the following locations is a likely place to find a braided stream?

________ is the total quantity of solid sediments carried by a river.

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

A city located on a large river has a history of moderate flooding over its 150-year history.However, the severity and magnitude of flooding has increased dramatically in the past 30 years.Give some possible reasons, both natural and human-induced, as to why such increased flooding might occur.

________ streams have interconnecting channels around stable vegetated bars.

A ________ stream consists of a complex network of converging and diverging channels that weave around channel bars.

A ________ is a stream segment along its course.

The lowest base level for most streams is sea level.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

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Exam 15: Running Water

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (?)?

Which of the following is the correct definition of stream gradient?

________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Most stream valleys are diverse in their forms because they are basically just curious accidents of nature and have little to do with ongoing geologic processes.

Evapotranspiration and average stream velocity are both important components of the hydrologic cycle.

The side view of a stream's course is the ________.

Describe one of the four hydrogeologic factors which led to repeated flooding along the Red River in April 1997?

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

________ is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Which of the following locations is a likely place to find a braided stream?

________ is the total quantity of solid sediments carried by a river.

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

A city located on a large river has a history of moderate flooding over its 150-year history.However, the severity and magnitude of flooding has increased dramatically in the past 30 years.Give some possible reasons, both natural and human-induced, as to why such increased flooding might occur.

________ streams have interconnecting channels around stable vegetated bars.

A ________ stream consists of a complex network of converging and diverging channels that weave around channel bars.

A ________ is a stream segment along its course.

The lowest base level for most streams is sea level.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters