Exam 15: Running Water

________ is the sediment transport mode in which sand grains alternately bounce up into the water column, sink and roll, or skip along the bottom before bouncing again.

A V-shaped valley and no floodplain indicate a youthful, downcutting stream.

Over the past 12 500 years, Niagara Falls has gradually shifted southward because ________.

________ occurs where water particles flow in straight paths parallel to the channel.

How does urbanization (buildings, paving, lawns etc.)affect runoff and infiltration in a small, previously forested, drainage basin?

In a ________ drainage pattern that is generally developed in areas underlain by tilted or folded strata, tributary streams flow along outcrop areas of the softer strata.

Rapids and waterfalls are characteristic of laterally cutting streams.

Which of the following features characterize wide streams and valleys?

Are there any alternative flood control measures other than structural dams, levees, and channelization?

How does a wind gap form?

________ streams have interconnecting channels around unstable sandy bars.

Which of the following is not one of the three basic types of stream systems?

The lower Mississippi River has the largest discharge of any river in North America.

________ describes the maximum solid particulate sediment load transported by a stream.

What is the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows?

What stream characteristic is measured by the size of the largest particle that a stream can move?

All major rivers in Canada drain into only 5-6 basins.Name three of these.

A(n)________ stream pattern develops where the same bedrock or regolith layer forms the land surface so that erosion rates are relatively uniform throughout the area.

A dam and reservoir are constructed on a graded river.What will happen?

Gradients usually decrease downstream in a major river system.