Question 1

The process whereby the child interprets incoming information in terms of previously existing schemas is called

Accepted Answer

A) accommodation. 
B) adaptation. 
C) conservation. 
D) assimilation. 
A) accommodation. 
B) adaptation. 
C) conservation. 
D) assimilation.

Question 2

Jane, an 11-month-old, has a schema for banging things. Which of the following illustrates accommodation of this schema?

Accepted Answer

A) Jane bangs a new teddy bear on the floor. 
B) Jane becomes afraid of her new babysitter when her babysitter punishes her for banging. 
C) After banging an egg and breaking it, Jane begins banging things more softly. 
D) Jane uses one of her old toys, which she banged many times, in a new way. 
A) Jane bangs a new teddy bear on the floor. 
B) Jane becomes afraid of her new babysitter when her babysitter punishes her for banging. 
C) After banging an egg and breaking it, Jane begins banging things more softly. 
D) Jane uses one of her old toys, which she banged many times, in a new way.

Question 3

When young children are learning new words, they

Accepted Answer

A) require many presentations of the new word to learn the correct referent. 
B) systematically consider all possible hypotheses about the connection between the word and the correct referent. 
C) are more likely to learn an object's name when adults look at the object while saying its name. 
D) do not use sentence cues. 
A) require many presentations of the new word to learn the correct referent. 
B) systematically consider all possible hypotheses about the connection between the word and the correct referent. 
C) are more likely to learn an object's name when adults look at the object while saying its name. 
D) do not use sentence cues.

Question 4

Virginia Slaughter and her research team found that infants understand their bodies in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A) through social feedback. 
B) through sensory experiences. 
C) through visual-spatial knowledge. 
D) through lexical-semantic knowledge. 
A) through social feedback. 
B) through sensory experiences. 
C) through visual-spatial knowledge. 
D) through lexical-semantic knowledge.

Question 5

Blake is four months old. Which of the following beliefs about properties of objects would you expect him to have?

Accepted Answer

A) Objects can move through other objects. 
B) Objects move along connected, continuous paths. 
C) Gravity prevents objects from floating. 
D) One object striking another will cause it to move. 
A) Objects can move through other objects. 
B) Objects move along connected, continuous paths. 
C) Gravity prevents objects from floating. 
D) One object striking another will cause it to move.

Question 6

Long-term memory

Accepted Answer

A) is a permanent storehouse of information. 
B) is like a computer's random-access memory (RAM). 
C) holds raw, unanalyzed information. 
D) is the site of ongoing cognitive activity. 
A) is a permanent storehouse of information. 
B) is like a computer's random-access memory (RAM). 
C) holds raw, unanalyzed information. 
D) is the site of ongoing cognitive activity.

Question 7

According to Piaget, 2-week-old Jacob's behaviour is likely to be dominated by

Accepted Answer

A) symbolic thinking. 
B) reflexive actions. 
C) voluntary actions. 
D) secondary circular reactions. 
A) symbolic thinking. 
B) reflexive actions. 
C) voluntary actions. 
D) secondary circular reactions.

Question 8

According to Piaget, which of the following would not be a schema?

Accepted Answer

A) a functional category like "tools my mom uses in the garden" 
B) a conceptual category like "butterflies" 
C) sucking on objects 
D) a specific object 
A) a functional category like "tools my mom uses in the garden" 
B) a conceptual category like "butterflies" 
C) sucking on objects 
D) a specific object

Question 9

One day Ellie takes her 2-month-old baby, Eric, to her friend's home where Eric is put in a rocking cradle. Eric lays quietly at first, but soon learns that if he wiggles and waves his arms the cradle will rock. Several weeks later, Ellie and Eric return to the friend's house. How would you expect Eric to respond when he is once again placed in the cradle?

Accepted Answer

A) Eric will not remember the cradle at all from his previous visit and will behave as if it was the first time he had been in the cradle. 
B) Eric is likely to remember the cradle and start wiggling and waving his arms as soon as he is placed in the cradle. 
C) Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move only if Ellie gives him a cue by rocking the cradle right after he is put in it. 
D) Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move but will no longer be interested in making it move. 
A) Eric will not remember the cradle at all from his previous visit and will behave as if it was the first time he had been in the cradle. 
B) Eric is likely to remember the cradle and start wiggling and waving his arms as soon as he is placed in the cradle. 
C) Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move only if Ellie gives him a cue by rocking the cradle right after he is put in it. 
D) Eric is likely to remember how to make the cradle move but will no longer be interested in making it move.

Question 10

Tests of infant intelligence do not generally predict later behaviour because

Accepted Answer

A) individual differences in ability are too large in infants. 
B) infant tests are not reliable. 
C) infant tests tap different abilities than later tests. 
D) infant tests have not been standardized like later tests have been. 
A) individual differences in ability are too large in infants. 
B) infant tests are not reliable. 
C) infant tests tap different abilities than later tests. 
D) infant tests have not been standardized like later tests have been.

Question 11

If, while an infant watches, a toy that has been hidden in one location is now hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds

Accepted Answer

A) cannot find the toy. 
B) cannot decide whether to look for the toy in the old or the new locations. 
C) look for the toy in the old location, indicating that they do not understand that objects exist independently. 
D) look for the toy in the new location, indicating that they understand that objects exist independently. 
A) cannot find the toy. 
B) cannot decide whether to look for the toy in the old or the new locations. 
C) look for the toy in the old location, indicating that they do not understand that objects exist independently. 
D) look for the toy in the new location, indicating that they understand that objects exist independently.

Question 12

Piaget's substage 2 is best summarized as

Accepted Answer

A) learning to adapt 
B) using means to achieve ends 
C) experimenting 
D) exercising reflexes 
A) learning to adapt 
B) using means to achieve ends 
C) experimenting 
D) exercising reflexes

Question 13

Defining a word too narrowly is known as

Accepted Answer

A) an overextension. 
B) an underextension. 
C) fast mapping. 
D) overregularization. 
A) an overextension. 
B) an underextension. 
C) fast mapping. 
D) overregularization.

Question 14

The critical difference between primary circular reactions and secondary circular reactions is that

Accepted Answer

A) secondary circular reactions focus on the infant's own body and primary circular reactions focus on objects. 
B) primary circular reactions are deliberate whereas secondary circular reactions are not. 
C) primary circular reactions are attempts to produce something new whereas secondary circular reactions are attempts to reproduce a previous action. 
D) primary circular reactions are focused on the infant's body and secondary circular reactions are focused on objects. 
A) secondary circular reactions focus on the infant's own body and primary circular reactions focus on objects. 
B) primary circular reactions are deliberate whereas secondary circular reactions are not. 
C) primary circular reactions are attempts to produce something new whereas secondary circular reactions are attempts to reproduce a previous action. 
D) primary circular reactions are focused on the infant's body and secondary circular reactions are focused on objects.

Question 15

The repetitive acts that centre on the infant's own body during the second stage of the sensorimotor period are called

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary circular reactions. 
B) secondary circular reactions. 
C) primary circular reactions. 
D) mental representations. 
A) tertiary circular reactions. 
B) secondary circular reactions. 
C) primary circular reactions. 
D) mental representations.

Question 16

Which is the most likely explanation for how infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity?

Accepted Answer

A) They are able to count objects. 
B) Adults tell them how many objects there are. 
C) Their perceptual system is sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli. 
D) They have learned the names of numbers. 
A) They are able to count objects. 
B) Adults tell them how many objects there are. 
C) Their perceptual system is sensitive to quantity as a characteristic of stimuli. 
D) They have learned the names of numbers.

Question 17

John, a 1-month-old infant, is lying in his crib when, for the first time, he accidentally puts his hand in his mouth. Immediately, John begins to suck on his hand, something he's done before but with objects other than his hand. This behaviour illustrates Piaget's concept of

Accepted Answer

A) accommodation. 
B) assimilation. 
C) adaptation. 
D) conservation. 
A) accommodation. 
B) assimilation. 
C) adaptation. 
D) conservation.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

Accepted Answer

A) Using the word "house" to refer only to the family's house. 
B) Hearing the unfamiliar word "shoe" and concluding that it refers to objects that are worn on feet. 
C) Using the word "horsie" to refer to all four-legged creatures. 
D) Saying "I goed" instead of "I went." 
A) Using the word "house" to refer only to the family's house. 
B) Hearing the unfamiliar word "shoe" and concluding that it refers to objects that are worn on feet. 
C) Using the word "horsie" to refer to all four-legged creatures. 
D) Saying "I goed" instead of "I went."

Question 19

By 3 or 4 months, infants' naïve theory of physics leads them to believe that

Accepted Answer

A) gravity is important. 
B) one object striking a second object affects the second object. 
C) objects cannot move through other objects. 
D) objects move along disconnected, discontinuous paths. 
A) gravity is important. 
B) one object striking a second object affects the second object. 
C) objects cannot move through other objects. 
D) objects move along disconnected, discontinuous paths.

Question 20

Vowel-like utterances such as "oooooooo" and "ahhhhhhh" are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) babbling. 
B) intonation. 
C) infant-directed speech. 
D) cooing. 
A) babbling. 
B) intonation. 
C) infant-directed speech. 
D) cooing.

The process whereby the child interprets incoming information in terms of previously existing schemas is called

Jane, an 11-month-old, has a schema for banging things. Which of the following illustrates accommodation of this schema?

When young children are learning new words, they

Virginia Slaughter and her research team found that infants understand their bodies in all of the following ways except

Blake is four months old. Which of the following beliefs about properties of objects would you expect him to have?

Long-term memory

According to Piaget, 2-week-old Jacob's behaviour is likely to be dominated by

According to Piaget, which of the following would not be a schema?

Tests of infant intelligence do not generally predict later behaviour because

If, while an infant watches, a toy that has been hidden in one location is now hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds

Piaget's substage 2 is best summarized as

Defining a word too narrowly is known as

The critical difference between primary circular reactions and secondary circular reactions is that

The repetitive acts that centre on the infant's own body during the second stage of the sensorimotor period are called

Which is the most likely explanation for how infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity?

John, a 1-month-old infant, is lying in his crib when, for the first time, he accidentally puts his hand in his mouth. Immediately, John begins to suck on his hand, something he's done before but with objects other than his hand. This behaviour illustrates Piaget's concept of

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

By 3 or 4 months, infants' naïve theory of physics leads them to believe that

Vowel-like utterances such as "oooooooo" and "ahhhhhhh" are referred to as

Child Development: Theories and Themes

Research in Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

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Exam 6: Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

The process whereby the child interprets incoming information in terms of previously existing schemas is called

Jane, an 11-month-old, has a schema for banging things. Which of the following illustrates accommodation of this schema?

When young children are learning new words, they

Virginia Slaughter and her research team found that infants understand their bodies in all of the following ways except

Blake is four months old. Which of the following beliefs about properties of objects would you expect him to have?

Long-term memory

According to Piaget, 2-week-old Jacob's behaviour is likely to be dominated by

According to Piaget, which of the following would not be a schema?

Tests of infant intelligence do not generally predict later behaviour because

If, while an infant watches, a toy that has been hidden in one location is now hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds

Piaget's substage 2 is best summarized as

Defining a word too narrowly is known as

The critical difference between primary circular reactions and secondary circular reactions is that

The repetitive acts that centre on the infant's own body during the second stage of the sensorimotor period are called

Which is the most likely explanation for how infants are able to distinguish differences in quantity?

John, a 1-month-old infant, is lying in his crib when, for the first time, he accidentally puts his hand in his mouth. Immediately, John begins to suck on his hand, something he's done before but with objects other than his hand. This behaviour illustrates Piaget's concept of

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

By 3 or 4 months, infants' naïve theory of physics leads them to believe that

Vowel-like utterances such as "oooooooo" and "ahhhhhhh" are referred to as

Child Development: Theories and Themes

Research in Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

Filters