Question 1

Yuri is interested in finding out whether exercise affects boys' and girls' performance on a memory task. The dependent variable in this situation is

Accepted Answer

A) memory performance. 
B) the amount of exercise. 
C) the age of the children. 
D) gender. 
A) memory performance. 
B) the amount of exercise. 
C) the age of the children. 
D) gender. A

Question 2

A variable that accounts for a relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is called

Accepted Answer

A) an interference variable. 
B) a moderating variable. 
C) a mediator variable. 
D) a correlational variable. 
A) an interference variable. 
B) a moderating variable. 
C) a mediator variable. 
D) a correlational variable. C

Question 3

In an experimental study, the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) independent variable 
C) correlation coefficient 
D) random assignment 
A) dependent variable 
B) independent variable 
C) correlation coefficient 
D) random assignment B

Question 4

A correlation of .8 was found between the number of hours spent studying and final exam scores. This means that

Accepted Answer

A) students who studied less received higher exam scores. 
B) students who studied less received lower exam scores. 
C) studying caused students to receive higher exam scores. 
D) the amount of studying was unrelated to exam scores. 
A) students who studied less received higher exam scores. 
B) students who studied less received lower exam scores. 
C) studying caused students to receive higher exam scores. 
D) the amount of studying was unrelated to exam scores.

Question 5

________ refers to whether conclusions based on the measure actually mean what the researcher hypothesized they would mean.

Accepted Answer

A) Validity 
B) Representativeness 
C) Sampling 
D) Stability 
A) Validity 
B) Representativeness 
C) Sampling 
D) Stability

Question 6

Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behaviour with tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's behaviour is seen as it occurs naturally. 
B) They almost always validly represent real-life behaviours. 
C) They are convenient to use. 
D) They assure representative sampling. 
A) Children's behaviour is seen as it occurs naturally. 
B) They almost always validly represent real-life behaviours. 
C) They are convenient to use. 
D) They assure representative sampling.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals?

Accepted Answer

A) Peer reviews are typically completed anonymously. 
B) Results published in such journals are the basis of virtually all of the information presented in the textbook. 
C) They are the most reliable sources to use for term papers. 
D) They are widely available in bookstores and at newsstands. 
A) Peer reviews are typically completed anonymously. 
B) Results published in such journals are the basis of virtually all of the information presented in the textbook. 
C) They are the most reliable sources to use for term papers. 
D) They are widely available in bookstores and at newsstands.

Question 8

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) demand characteristics. 
B) cohort effects. 
C) representative samplings. 
D) artificial settings. 
A) demand characteristics. 
B) cohort effects. 
C) representative samplings. 
D) artificial settings.

Question 9

The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) variables. 
B) samples. 
C) populations. 
D) correlation coefficients. 
A) variables. 
B) samples. 
C) populations. 
D) correlation coefficients.

Question 10

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers do not need to explain the use of deception in their studies. 
B) Children's data should be linked with their names so that they can be identified easily. 
C) Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress to their participants. 
D) Researchers do not need to describe the research to participants before they decide to participate. 
A) Researchers do not need to explain the use of deception in their studies. 
B) Children's data should be linked with their names so that they can be identified easily. 
C) Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress to their participants. 
D) Researchers do not need to describe the research to participants before they decide to participate.

Question 11

________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Structured observation 
C) Sampling behaviour with tasks 
D) Self-report 
A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Structured observation 
C) Sampling behaviour with tasks 
D) Self-report

Question 12

Which of the following is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A) equal pay for equal work 
B) responsible caring 
C) respect for the dignity of persons 
D) responsibility to society 
A) equal pay for equal work 
B) responsible caring 
C) respect for the dignity of persons 
D) responsibility to society

Question 13

Dr. Conrad conducted an investigation of whether children are able to accurately gauge the interest level of their classmates in a typical classroom-learning situation. The results of this investigation would be high in

Accepted Answer

A) convergent validity. 
B) divergent validity. 
C) environmental validity. 
D) ecological validity. 
A) convergent validity. 
B) divergent validity. 
C) environmental validity. 
D) ecological validity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a problem with the use of self-reports?

Accepted Answer

A) Answers do not lead directly to information on the topic of interest. 
B) Children may be biased to provide answers that are socially acceptable. 
C) The collection of information is not convenient. 
D) Children have very accurate memories so their answers regarding past events can be trusted. 
A) Answers do not lead directly to information on the topic of interest. 
B) Children may be biased to provide answers that are socially acceptable. 
C) The collection of information is not convenient. 
D) Children have very accurate memories so their answers regarding past events can be trusted.

Question 15

A correlation coefficient of 0.0 indicates what about the relation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) The two variables are directly related. 
B) The two variables are inversely related. 
C) The two variables are completely unrelated. 
D) This coefficient indicates which variable was the "cause" and which the "effect." 
A) The two variables are directly related. 
B) The two variables are inversely related. 
C) The two variables are completely unrelated. 
D) This coefficient indicates which variable was the "cause" and which the "effect."

Question 16

A characteristic of a quasi-experimental design is that

Accepted Answer

A) participants are followed over a period of years. 
B) researchers simplify a problem by examining on only a narrow aspect of the problem. 
C) groups of participants are not formed by random assignment. 
D) they are unlikely to yield implications for family policy. 
A) participants are followed over a period of years. 
B) researchers simplify a problem by examining on only a narrow aspect of the problem. 
C) groups of participants are not formed by random assignment. 
D) they are unlikely to yield implications for family policy.

Question 17

What type of research was conducted in the Alberta substance abuse study?

Accepted Answer

A) longitudinal 
B) cross-sectional 
C) correlational 
D) experimental 
A) longitudinal 
B) cross-sectional 
C) correlational 
D) experimental

Question 18

Field experiments

Accepted Answer

A) involve manipulation of independent variables. 
B) occur in a laboratory setting. 
C) do not allow investigators to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
D) are usually fairly easy to conduct. 
A) involve manipulation of independent variables. 
B) occur in a laboratory setting. 
C) do not allow investigators to draw conclusions about cause and effect. 
D) are usually fairly easy to conduct.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of sampling behaviour with tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) Sampling behaviour with tasks may not really sample the behaviour of interest. 
B) Sampling behaviour with tasks can be used to observe behaviour directly. 
C) Sampling behaviour with tasks isn't a popular method because it isn't convenient to use. 
D) Sampling behaviour with tasks might lead some children to provide socially acceptable answers. 
A) Sampling behaviour with tasks may not really sample the behaviour of interest. 
B) Sampling behaviour with tasks can be used to observe behaviour directly. 
C) Sampling behaviour with tasks isn't a popular method because it isn't convenient to use. 
D) Sampling behaviour with tasks might lead some children to provide socially acceptable answers.

Question 20

One drawback of structured observations is that

Accepted Answer

A) the artificial nature of the setting may distort the behaviour of interest. 
B) they cannot be used to study behaviours that occur naturally but only rarely. 
C) they can only be used to study behaviours that occur in public settings. 
D) they cannot be performed in a laboratory. 
A) the artificial nature of the setting may distort the behaviour of interest. 
B) they cannot be used to study behaviours that occur naturally but only rarely. 
C) they can only be used to study behaviours that occur in public settings. 
D) they cannot be performed in a laboratory.

Yuri is interested in finding out whether exercise affects boys' and girls' performance on a memory task. The dependent variable in this situation is

A variable that accounts for a relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is called

In an experimental study, the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

A correlation of .8 was found between the number of hours spent studying and final exam scores. This means that

________ refers to whether conclusions based on the measure actually mean what the researcher hypothesized they would mean.

Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behaviour with tasks?

Which of the following is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals?

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

Which of the following is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?

Dr. Conrad conducted an investigation of whether children are able to accurately gauge the interest level of their classmates in a typical classroom-learning situation. The results of this investigation would be high in

Which of the following is a problem with the use of self-reports?

A correlation coefficient of 0.0 indicates what about the relation between two variables?

A characteristic of a quasi-experimental design is that

What type of research was conducted in the Alberta substance abuse study?

Field experiments

Which of the following is true of sampling behaviour with tasks?

One drawback of structured observations is that

Child Development: Theories and Themes

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

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Exam 2: Research in Child Development

Yuri is interested in finding out whether exercise affects boys' and girls' performance on a memory task. The dependent variable in this situation is

A variable that accounts for a relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is called

In an experimental study, the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

A correlation of .8 was found between the number of hours spent studying and final exam scores. This means that

________ refers to whether conclusions based on the measure actually mean what the researcher hypothesized they would mean.

Which of the following is a strength associated with measures that sample behaviour with tasks?

Which of the following is not true of peer-reviewed academic journals?

Differences between age groups resulting from environmental events rather than developmental processes are referred to as

The factors subject to change that a researcher records in an observation are referred to as

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

Which of the following is not an ethical principle found in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists?

Dr. Conrad conducted an investigation of whether children are able to accurately gauge the interest level of their classmates in a typical classroom-learning situation. The results of this investigation would be high in

Which of the following is a problem with the use of self-reports?

A correlation coefficient of 0.0 indicates what about the relation between two variables?

A characteristic of a quasi-experimental design is that

What type of research was conducted in the Alberta substance abuse study?

Field experiments

Which of the following is true of sampling behaviour with tasks?

One drawback of structured observations is that

Child Development: Theories and Themes

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers

Cognition in Infants and Toddlers

Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

Physical Growth in Preschool Children

Cognitive Development in Preschool Children

Social and Emotional Development in Preschool Children

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical Growth in Adolescents

Cognitive Processes in Adolescents

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescents

Filters