Exam 5: Learning

In your college dorm,any time you take a shower,someone always flushes the toilet and causes the water in your shower to turn icy cold,making you cringe.After several episodes like this,you find that you tend to cringe whenever you hear a toilet flush,no matter where you are.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Tenia ate out with some friends and had fried oysters.The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day.The next time she saw someone eating fried oysters,she felt queasy and quickly looked away.Her queasiness at the sight of the fried oysters was probably due to __________.

Jared realized that he had learned how to prepare his father's famous chili recipe by watching his father in the kitchen for many years.This kind of learning is called __________.

The fact that some kinds of stimuli (like a taste)are more easily and quickly connected to a response (like nausea)is explained by the concept of __________.

Learning is __________.

To make punishment more effective,it should be __________.

Sandy had learned that if her mother was smiling at her when she came into the kitchen,it meant that Sandy would probably be given a treat to eat if she asked nicely.But if her mother was frowning,she would not give Sandy anything and instead would shoo her away.Sandy's mother's facial expression was serving as a __________.

You move out of your dorm into an apartment shared with three other people.Unlike the shower in the dorm,this shower does not turn cold when the toilet is flushed,and you eventually stop cringing every time you hear the flushing sound.What has occurred?

Joaquin's parents have given his 2-year-old daughter,Marie,a very noisy jack-in-the-box toy for her birthday.Marie loves to turn the crank and make the puppet pop up,over and over and over.Desperate to have some peace and quiet,Joaquin gives Marie a popsicle,which distracts her and produces the quiet he was craving.But when the popsicle is finished,Marie goes back to the toy,cranking and cranking.Joaquin tries another popsicle.What kind of reinforcement process is taking place in this situation?

Who added the concept of reinforcement to learning theory?

Jody has had repeated failures at asking guys out on dates.Finally,she gives up.One day at the office a really nice guy seems interested in her,but she refuses to even approach him.What concept might explain her reluctance?

One-year-old Ben learned to say the word duck when his mother showed him a duck in their backyard.That evening he sees a cartoon with a rooster in it and says "duck," pointing to the rooster.Ben is exhibiting __________.

Liz failed her math test,so her parents told her that she could not play video games for a month.Her parents are using __________.

When one conditioned stimulus is used to create another,this is called __________.

Barry would really like to learn to do ballroom dancing,but he has a severe limp in his left leg.Although he watches ballroom dancing on television and can remember all the moves and dips,he will be very unlikely to be able to learn to dance this way because he is missing a key element of observational learning.What is it?

Archimedes was told by the king to find a way to prove that a gold crown was really gold.While in his bath,he noticed the water that his body displaced out of the tub and shouted,"Eureka!" which means "I have found it!" If the crown was really gold,it should displace the same amount of water as an equal amount of real gold.This is a famous example of __________.

The key to the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning is that the presentation of the conditioned stimulus must __________.

Dennis buys a lottery ticket every Saturday,using the same set of numbers.Although he has only won $25 on one occasion,he keeps buying the tickets.In fact,he's a little afraid that if he doesn't buy a ticket,that would be the one that would win really big.The fact that Dennis seems addicted to buying lottery tickets is a common characteristic of which schedule of reinforcement?

In classical conditioning,the __________ are important in learning,but in operant conditioning,it is the __________ that determine whether learning will occur.

Jared's father is ill and cannot prepare his famous chili recipe,which Jared has watched his father make many times.When his father tells Jared that he must cook the chili,he panics at first.But then Jared finds that he knows how to put the recipe together anyway.His ability to prepare the recipe is an example of __________.