Question 1

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Gravity 
B) Mechanical stress 
C) Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels 
D) Blood calcium level 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Gravity 
B) Mechanical stress 
C) Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels 
D) Blood calcium level 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 3

Which bone marking does not serve as an articulating surface?

Accepted Answer

A) Head 
B) Epicondyle 
C) Condyle 
D) Facet 
E) Trochlea 
A) Head 
B) Epicondyle 
C) Condyle 
D) Facet 
E) Trochlea

Question 4

The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are 
A: Ossification center forms in the diaphysis
B: Cartilage calcifies and a bone collar forms
C: Ossification centers form in the epiphyses
D: Bone replaces cartilage
E: Epiphyseal plates ossify
F: Cartilage model develops
The correct chronological order for these steps is

Accepted Answer

A) f - b - c - d - a - e 
B) b - c - f - a - e - d 
C) a - c - b - d - e - f 
D) f - b - a - c - d - e 
E) a - e - c - d - b - f 
A) f - b - c - d - a - e 
B) b - c - f - a - e - d 
C) a - c - b - d - e - f 
D) f - b - a - c - d - e 
E) a - e - c - d - b - f

Question 5

Patients with osteoporosis often suffer _________ fractures of the vertebral bodies due to loss of bone mass.

Accepted Answer

A) spiral 
B) epiphyseal 
C) greenstick 
D) compression 
E) transverse 
A) spiral 
B) epiphyseal 
C) greenstick 
D) compression 
E) transverse

Question 6

Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?

Accepted Answer

A) Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to connect broken pieces of bone. 
B) A fibrocartilaginous callus serves as a model for new bone growth. 
C) Osteoclasts remove excess bone from the hard callus. 
D) The fracture hematoma reorganizes to form a procallus. 
E) No exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair. 
A) Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to connect broken pieces of bone. 
B) A fibrocartilaginous callus serves as a model for new bone growth. 
C) Osteoclasts remove excess bone from the hard callus. 
D) The fracture hematoma reorganizes to form a procallus. 
E) No exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair.

Question 7

Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is not true about bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs throughout life. 
B) It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. 
C) It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone. 
D) It occurs only at articular surfaces. 
E) It can occur in response to stress on a bone. 
A) It occurs throughout life. 
B) It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. 
C) It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone. 
D) It occurs only at articular surfaces. 
E) It can occur in response to stress on a bone.

Question 9

Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

A) Distal epiphysis 
B) Proximal epiphysis 
C) Metaphysis 
D) Diaphysis 
E) Periphysis 
A) Distal epiphysis 
B) Proximal epiphysis 
C) Metaphysis 
D) Diaphysis 
E) Periphysis

Question 10

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

Accepted Answer

A) mesenchymal ossification. 
B) intramembranous ossification. 
C) bone remodeling. 
D) orthodontia. 
E) endochondral ossification. 
A) mesenchymal ossification. 
B) intramembranous ossification. 
C) bone remodeling. 
D) orthodontia. 
E) endochondral ossification.

Question 11

A narrow,slit-like opening through a bone is called a _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A narrow,slit-like opening through a bone is...

Question 12

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis; the ends are called the _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The shaft of a long bone is...

Question 13

In adults,an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

About 80% of the human skeleton is replaced yearly as a result of bone remodeling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

During the process of endochondral ossification,chondrocytes in the cartilage model die.Why does this occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood supply to the cartilage is cut off by the developing periosteum. 
B) Canaliculi connecting adjacent chondrocyte lacunae fuse. 
C) Nutrients cannot diffuse to the chondrocytes through the calcified matrix. 
D) The developing bone collar secretes enzymes that destroy the chondrocytes. 
E) Phagocytic osteoclasts in the new bone engulf and destroy the chondrocytes. 
A) Blood supply to the cartilage is cut off by the developing periosteum. 
B) Canaliculi connecting adjacent chondrocyte lacunae fuse. 
C) Nutrients cannot diffuse to the chondrocytes through the calcified matrix. 
D) The developing bone collar secretes enzymes that destroy the chondrocytes. 
E) Phagocytic osteoclasts in the new bone engulf and destroy the chondrocytes.

Question 17

When during human development does the process of ossification begin?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 weeks after birth 
B) 12th-13th week of embryonic development 
C) 8th-9th month of fetal development 
D) 3-4 months of age 
E) 10-25 years of age 
A) 12 weeks after birth 
B) 12th-13th week of embryonic development 
C) 8th-9th month of fetal development 
D) 3-4 months of age 
E) 10-25 years of age

Question 18

Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Insufficient calcification 
B) Demineralization 
C) Reduction in the organic content of the matrix 
D) Loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Insufficient calcification 
B) Demineralization 
C) Reduction in the organic content of the matrix 
D) Loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Osteolysis is

Accepted Answer

A) demineralization due to hydrochloric acid activity. 
B) the release of calcium and phosphate from the matrix. 
C) the result of osteoclast activity. 
D) the result of enzyme activity. 
E) All of these answers are correct. 
A) demineralization due to hydrochloric acid activity. 
B) the release of calcium and phosphate from the matrix. 
C) the result of osteoclast activity. 
D) the result of enzyme activity. 
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 20

During appositional growth of cartilage,the cells that produce the matrix are the

Accepted Answer

A) chondrocytes. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) fibroblasts. 
D) chondroblasts. 
E) osteoblasts. 
A) chondrocytes. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) fibroblasts. 
D) chondroblasts. 
E) osteoblasts.

Exam 6: Cartilage and Bone

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells.

Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

Which bone marking does not serve as an articulating surface?

Patients with osteoporosis often suffer _________ fractures of the vertebral bodies due to loss of bone mass.

Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?

Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone.

Which is not true about bone remodeling?

Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A narrow,slit-like opening through a bone is called a _________.

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis; the ends are called the _________.

In adults,an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal plate.

About 80% of the human skeleton is replaced yearly as a result of bone remodeling.

The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

During the process of endochondral ossification,chondrocytes in the cartilage model die.Why does this occur?

When during human development does the process of ossification begin?

Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

Osteolysis is

During appositional growth of cartilage,the cells that produce the matrix are the

A First Look at Anatomy

The Celt Basic Unit of Structure and Function

Embryology

Tissue Level of Organization

Integumentary System

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue and Organization

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Surface Anatomy

Nervous Tissue

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Pathways and Integrative Functions

Autonomic Nervous System

Senses: General and Special

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

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