Exam 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Where do new variations come from?

Natural selection has played no role in historical human populations.

Adaptations are __________.

With cladogenesis __________.

Explain the mechanics of punctuated equilibrium. What are some problems associated with this type of speciation? Who favors this view and why?

The most common examples of sympatric speciation seen in nature occur in plants.

Gaps in the fossil record can be explained as episodes of __________.

Features that are homologous are similar due to __________.

By its very nature, a gene for altruism would be selected out of a population.

Geographic separation is an important factor in speciation.

It is thought that males often compete for access to females because females have __________.

Explain the difference between and cladistics and phenetics. What are some problems associated with each? How might the Law of Parsimony apply?

Occam's Razor states that one should start with more complex hypotheses and work towards simpler ones.

Mutations of great significance usually occur within one generation.

Hardy's paper absolutely put to rest notions of "blending inheritance."

A clade contains species __________.

Many mutations are __________.

__________ consider every aspect of an organism to be the product of natural or sexual selection.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the "ideal population" for the null hypothesis?

Parallel evolution results in __________.