Exam 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Gottfried Schlaug has found that the __________ is bigger in musicians who began musical training before the age of 7 years as compared to those who started at a later age.

Explain the differences between pidgins and creoles. What do creoles teach us about the existence of mental grammar?

Define language. Outline and explain the "critical aspects" that make language a unique form of animal communication.

Some researchers link our increased brain size to a decrease in the size of the __________.

Explain encephalization and the encephalization quotient. In what was is EQ a measure of intelligence. In what ways is it not?

Citing specific examples, explain the three ways in which brain reorganization can occur.

Outline brain evolution from the Australopithecines to Homo sapiens in terms of EQ and fossils. Were Neandertals more encephalized than modern humans?

An animal with a larger than expected brain will have an EQ of __________.

Encephalization quotient is a measure of __________.

The rearrangement of throat anatomy for language purposes has __________.

Citing examples, describe the linguistic abilities of great apes in captivity. What do these studies teach us about ape linguistic ability? What are the implications for the evolution of language in hominins?

Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed miserably.

Compared to the brains of our closest relatives, the human brain __________.

Humans use only 10% of their brains.

Which of the following describes the signing ability of the gorilla Washoe?

The cerebellum is important in the control of __________.

To say that language is semantic is to say that __________.

Terence Deacon links the development of symbolic communication to __________.

We are anatomically specialized both to produce language and process language-oriented sounds.

The "typical" human brain has a volume of __________.